PSYCH0201C ERA. AGE OF MAN. 415 



responding to and contemporaneous with the river-drift 

 man of Europe (Fig. 360). Some doubts have been 

 recently thrown on the antiquity of these findings. For 

 this reason we will not dwell on Glacial man in America. 



Neolithic Man in America. The Neolithic age is 

 represented here, as in Europe, by refuse-heaps, which 

 were evidently made in the same way as those already 

 described, and have similar contents. They are abun- 

 dant on the seacoasts everywhere, and some of them are 

 probably no older than the discovery of America ; for, 

 as already said, the native tribes were then still in the 

 stone age. 



Mound-Builders. The bronze age is probably, 

 though imperfectly, represented by the mound-builders. 

 In many places, especially in the valley of the Mississippi, 

 are found mounds of enormous size, and fortifications 

 and communal houses of somewhat elaborate construc- 

 tion. In connection with these have also been found not 

 only highly polished stone implements, but also imple- 

 ments of hammered copper. The copper-mines of Lake 

 Superior were evidently worked by them, as the old work- 

 ings have been found. The mound-builders were prob- 

 ably a different race from the hunter tribes of Indians, 

 and more advanced, although many now think they are 

 the same. 



Cliff-Dwellers. In the dry regions of New Mexico 

 and Arizona the almost perpendicular cliffs bordering 

 the mesas are studded with remains of many-storied com- 

 munal houses of stone. There are small remnants of sev- 

 eral tribes in that region Pueblos, Moquis, and Zunis 

 that live now in similar dwellings, on the flat tops of 

 almost inaccessible mesas. One dwelling with many 

 rooms is occupied by a whole community. These also are 

 entirely different from the roving tribes, and by many 

 are connected with the Aztecs on the one hand, and the 

 mound-builders on the other. 



