20 EQUINE ANATOMY. 



Articulations, 8. 



Opposite, palate, pre-maxillary, ethmoid, lachrymal, nasal, 

 inferior turbinated, zygoma. 



PRE-MAXILLARY OR INTER-MAXILLARY. 



The pre-maxillaries are two bones lying at the inferior portion 

 of the face and wedged in anterior to the superior maxillaries and 

 nasals. 



They each show a base and two processes. 



The base shows 



An external smooth or labial face. 



An internal face, united with the opposite, and showing the 

 incisive foramen. 



A posterior or buccal face, forming the roof of the mouth. 



An external border, showing three sockets for the incisors, the 

 inter-space and a half socket for the tusk. 



An external process passes upward between the nasal and super- 

 maxillary, forming part of the nose and face. 



An internal process forms part of the nasal floor and buccal 

 roof. It forms, also, the deep incisive notch. 



Articulations 4. 



Opposite, superior maxillary, nasal, vomer. 



PALATE. 



The palates, two in number, at the back part of the nasal and 

 oral cavities, are elongated from above downward, and show two 

 faces, two borders and two extremities, a superior, united with the 

 sphenoid, and an inferior, united with the opposite. 



The External Face shows 



A superior orbital, inferior palatine, forming the roof of the 

 palate, and middle articular, for the superior maxillary, portions. 



The internal face forms part of the outer nasal wall. 



The anterior border shows 



A deep foramen, the nasal, an articulation for the super-maxil- 

 lary, and a cavity uniting with the sphenoidal sinus. 



The posterior border shows 



The palatine crest above, and a surface for the external pterygoid 

 plate. 



