38 EQUINE ANATOMY. 



Enarthrodial, or ball and socket. 

 Ginglymus, or hinge-like. 



Diarthrosis rotatoria, or a pivot which turns in a cavity. 

 Condyloid, one or more condyles received in oval excavations. 

 Examples. 



S. dentata. Intra-parietal suture. 



S. serrata. Inter-frontal suture. 



S. limbo sa. Fronto-parietal suture. 



S. liarmonia. Occipito-temporal suture. 



S. squamosa. Parieto-temporal suture. 



Amphiarthroses. Bodies of vertebrae, sacro-iliac joints. 



Arthrodial. Carpo-metacarpal joints. 



Enarthrodial. Hip and shoulder joints. 



Ginglymus. Hock and humero-radial joints. 



Diarthrosis rotatoria. Atlo-axoid joint. 



Condyloid. Temporo-maxillary and knee-joints. 



Structures entering into joints are 



Articular lamellae of bone, ligaments, cartilage, fibro-cartilage, 

 synovial membrane and synovia. 



Movements of joints are 



Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, 

 internal rotation, circumduction and gliding. 

 Articulations of vertebral column 



1. Common superior vertebral ligament, lies above bodies of 

 vertebrae, and attached to them from the axis to the sacrum. 



2. Common inferior vertebral ligament, lies below bodies, and 

 attached to them from sixth or eighth dorsal to sacrum. 



3. Inter articular fibro-cartilage, between the bodies of the 

 vertebrae, except between atlas and axis. 



4. Capsular, between articular processes. 



5. Inter-transverse, between transverse processes. 



6. Inter-lamellar, between laminae. 



7. Inter-spinous, between spinous processes. 



8. Supra-spinous, between tips of spinous processes. 

 Ligamentum nucha is the continuation of the supra-spinous 



ligament from the first dorsal to the occiput; it supports the head. 

 In the sacral and coccygeal regions the articulations are more 

 or less fused or rudimentarv. 



