CIRCULATORY APPARATUS. 99 



ANTERIOR VENA CAVA. 



A large trunk from anterior opening of thorax to right auricle, 

 formed by the union of the two axillary and two jugular vessels. 



Branches received. 



Internal thoracic, vertebral, superior cervical and dorsal vein, 

 accompanying the arteries of the same name. 



Great vena azygos, from first lumbar vertebrae to sixth dorsal, 

 through aortic opening of diaphragm, and enters the anterior 

 cava, often receiving the lumbar and aortic intercostals. 



JUGULAR VEINS. 



Begin behind inferior maxilla, below its articulation, by the 

 joining of the superficial temporal and internal maxillary. Passes 

 down to entrance of chest, the two uniting and forming a con- 

 fluence, into which the axillary veins empty. It is separated, 

 above from the carotid by the omo-hyoid; in the lower part it is 

 in direct relation to the vessel. 



Branches. 



Maxillo-muscular, posterior auricular, occipital, glosso- facial, 

 thyroid, cephalic or plat, and many smaller ones. 



SINUSES OF THE DURA MATER. 



Median, from crista galli to torcular Herophili. 



Cavernous, from alveolar vein in front to lacerated foramen be- 

 hind. 



Occipito-atloid, about base of skull, entering spinal veins. 



Petrosal, from cavernous to sub~sphenoidal conduit, where it 

 empties into occipital. 



SPINAL VEINS. 



Median spinal, which gives off branches to the vertebral, inter- 

 costal and lumbar veins. 



AXILLARY VEINS. 



Formed by union of subscapular and humeral near scapulo- 

 humeral articulation and empty into jugulars. 



VEINS OF ARM. 



Humeral, with artery and deep branches^ ; =*" 

 Subscapular, btitiHg ] with p^epeth'ng], ^ , ^ , \ ;^ ' ; ' 

 Subcutaneous thoracic or spur,' into "humeral* ' 



