THE ARTICULATIONS. $f 



THE ARTICULATIONS. 



Into what Classes are the Articulations divided? Into 3, I. Synarthro* 'sis, 

 immovable; 2. AiHphiarthro* sis t Synchondrosis, or Symphysis, having limited 

 motion; 3. Diartkro'sis, having free motion. 



How are the Synarthroses subdivided? Into 3 divisions, Sutura, by 

 indentations; Schindy'lesis, by a plate of bone into a cleft in another; and 

 Gompho'sis, by a conical process into a socket. The Sutura are again sub- 

 divided into -5". Dentata, having tooth-like processes; S. Serrata, with ser- 

 rated edges; S. Limbosa, having beveled margins and dentated processes; S. 

 Squamosa, with thin beveled margins overlapping each other; S. Harmonic, 

 contiguous rough surfaces opposed to each other. The first 3 are also named 

 Sutura Vera (true sutures) having indented borders ; the last 2 Sutura Notha 

 (false sutures) being formed by rough surfaces. 



How are the Diarthroses divided ? Into 4 divisions, Arthrodia, gliding 

 joint ; Enarthrosis, ball-and-socket joint ; Ginglymus, hinge-joint ; and Diar* 

 throsis Rotatorius, a ring surrounding a pivot. 



Give an Example of each of the above-named articulations. 

 Synarthro'sis, bones of cranium and face, except the lower jaw. 



Sutura Dentata, the inter-parietal suture. 



Sutura Serrata, the inter-frontal suture. 



Sutura Limbosa, the fronto-parietal suture. 



Sutura Squamosa, the tempora-parietal suture. 



Sutura Harmonia, the intermaxillary symphysis. 



Schindy'lesis, rostrum of sphenoid with the vomer. 



Gompho'sis, the teeth in their alveoli. 

 4mphiarthro f sis, the bodies of the vertebrae, the sacro-iliac, and pubic sym 



physes. 

 Piartkro' ses , 



Arthrodia, sterno-clavicular articulation. 



Enarthrosis, hip-joint, shoulder-joint. 



Ginglymus, elbow-joint, ankle-joint, knee-joint. 



Diarthrosis Rotatorius, the superior radio-ulnar, and atlo-axoid articula- 

 tions. 



Name the Varieties of motion in joints ? There are 7 varieties, viz. 

 flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, circumduction, and gliding 

 movement. 



What Structures enter into the formation of joints? There are 5, viz. 

 foe articular lamella of bone, ligaments, cartilage, fibro-cartilagCj and synovia! 

 oiembrane. 



