THE ARTICUI-ATIONS. 57 



3 Lateral, from the jugular processes of the occipital bone to the bases of the 



transverse processes of the atlas. 



2 Capsular,d around the articular surfaces, lined by synovial membrane. 

 Describe the Occipito-axoid Articulation. Formed by the occipital bone 

 and the odontoid process of the axis, which do not articulate with each other 

 strictly, but are connected by 4 ligaments. 



Occipito-axoid* {Apparatus Ligamentosus Colli], a continuation of the posterior 



common spinal ligament to the basilar process of the occipital bone. 

 2 Lateral Occipito-odontoid^ ( Check Ligaments], from the head of the odontoid 



process to the sides of the occipital condyles. 

 Vertical Occipito-odontoid {Ligamentum Suspensorium), from the anterior 



margin of the foramen magnum to the odontoid apex. 



Describe the Atlo-axoid Articulation. It is a double arthrodia between the 

 articular processes, a double diarthrosis rotatorius between the atlas and the 

 odontoid process, and has 6 ligaments, and 4 synovial membranes. 



2 Anterior and i Posterior Atlo-axoid, continuations of the anterior and pos- 

 terior common spinal ligaments. 

 2 Capsular, surrounding the articular surfaces, each lined by a synovial 



membrane. 



Transverse, or Cruciform Ligament, divides the spinal foramen of the atlas 

 into two portions, stretching across between the tubercles on the inner 

 sides of the articular processes. It holds the odontoid process in place, 

 having a synovial membrane interposed. Another synovial membrane is 

 situated between the process and the anterior arch. The transverse liga- 

 ment sends two vertical slips, one upwards, the other downwards, from 

 which it is named the Cruciform Ligament. 



Describe the Temporo-maxillary Articulation. A double arthrodia between 

 the condyle of the lower jaw and the anterior part of the glenoid cavity of the 

 temporal bone. It has 2 synovial membranes with an inter-articular fibro- 

 cartilage between them, and 4 ligaments, viz. 



External Lateral, from the tubercle of the zygoma to the outer side of th 

 neck of the condyle of the 



lower jaw. FlG '?,\ 



Internal Later -al,d 'from the spine 

 of the sphenoid to the margin 

 of the inferior dental fora- 

 men. 



Stylo-maxillary ,f from the sty- 

 loid process of the temporal 

 bone to the angle of the in- 

 ferior maxillary. 



