132 ANATOMY. 



gth, Glosso-pharyngeal, 12 nerve of sensation and taste, -arises from the me- 

 dulla oblongata behind the olivary body, deeply from the floor of the 4th 

 ventricle; exit by the jugular foramen, to the back of the tongue (taste), the 

 middle ear, the tonsils, and pharynx. Branches are 



Tympanic (Jacobson's). Pharyngeal. Tomillar. 



Carotid. Muscular. Lingual. 



loth, Pneumogastric, or Par Vagum, 12 the auriculo-laryngo-pharyngo-cesoph- 

 ago-tracheo-pulmono-cardio-gastro-hepatic nerve. A nerve of sensation and 

 motion, probably receiving its motor influence from its spinal accessory. It 

 arises from the medulla behind the olivary body and below the Qth nerve, 

 deeply from the floor of the 4th ventricle; exit by the jugular foramen, to the 

 parts indicated by the above euphonious appellation, supplying sensation to the 

 external ear and larynx, motion to the other parts. Its branches are the 

 Auricular (Arnold's). Recurrent Laryngeal. CEsophageaL 



Pharyngeal. Cervical and Thoracic Cardiac. Gastric. 



Sttperior Laryngeal. Ant. and Post. Pulmonary. Hepatic. 



nth, Spinal Accessory 12 (to the pneumogastric), motor nerve, arises by a 

 double origin (i) from the lateral tract of the medulla, deeply from near the 

 floor of the 4th ventricle ; (2] from the lateral tract of the cord by several 

 filaments, as low as the 6th cervical nerve, deeply from the anterior gray 

 horn of the cord. Exit by jugular foramen, its spinal portion having first 

 entered by the foramen magnum, to the sterno-cleido-mastoid and trapezius 

 muscles, communicating with the pharyngeal and laryngeal nerves by its 

 accessory portion in the same sheath with the pneumogastric; also with the 

 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th cervical nerves by its spinal portion. Its branches are 

 indicated by the above-described distribution. 



I2th, Hypo-glossal, 13 (Nonus or gth of Willis), motor of the tongue, arises 

 by 10 to 15 filaments from the groove between the pyramidal and olivary 

 bodies of the medulla oblongata, deeply from the floor of the 4th ventricle ; 

 exit by the anterior condyloid foramen, to the thyro- and genio-hyoid, the 

 stylo-,hyo-, and genio-hyo-glossus muscles; and by the descendens noni branch 

 to the sterno-hyoid, sterno-thyroid, and omo-hyoid muscles. It communi- 

 cates with the pneumogastric, sympathetic, 1st and 2d cervical, and gustatory 

 nerves. Its branches of distribution are the 



Descendens Noni. Muscular. Thvro-hyoid. 



What Nerves enter the Cranium before passing out of it ? The spinal 

 portion of the Spinal Accessory, and the Nasal branch of the Ophthalmic. 

 The first enters by the foramen magnum, and then leaves by the jugular fora- 

 men. The second enters from the orbit by the anterior ethmoidal foramen, 

 and leaves by the nasal slit at the side of the crista galli. 



