152 



VISCERAL ANATOMY. 



ASCENDING COLON, extends upwards to the under surface of the liver, where 



it forms the Hepatic Flexure of the Colon. 

 TRANSVERSE COLON, d crosses the abdominal cavity just below the liver, gall- 



FIG. 72. 



bladder, stomach and spleen, to the 

 left hypochondrium, where it ter- 

 minates in the Splenic Flexure oj 

 the Colon. 



DESCENDING COLON, e passes down- 

 wards in front of the left kidney to 

 the left iliac fossa, where it forms 

 the 



Sigmoid Flexure of the Colon,/ 

 curved like an^ first upwards, then 

 downwards; extending from the 

 crest of the left i]eum to the left 

 sacro-iliac synchondrosis. 

 RECTUM, ^ from the last-named point 

 to the anus ; is 6 to 8 inches long, 

 not sacculated, and, though not 

 straight, is straighter than the rest 

 of the gut. It curves laterally to 

 the middle of the sacrum, and back- 

 wards about an inch above its ter- 

 mination at the Anus, i where it is 



distended into a pouch. This lower inch has no peritoneal investment. 

 Appendices Epiploicce, are small pouches of peritoneum containing fat, and 

 found along the colon and part of the rectum. They are due to the incom- 

 pleteness of the investment of the gut by peritoneum. 

 Sphincters of the Rectum are 3, the sphincter ani, internal sphincter and 



sphincter tertius of Hyrtl. (See ante, pp. 83, 84.) 



Folds of Houston, three semilunar transverse folds, one in the upper part of 

 the rectum on the right side, another about the middle on the left side, and 

 the third in front, opposite the base of the bladder. 



What Glands are found in the Large Intestine ? The Follicles of 

 Lieberkuhn are more numerous here than elsewhere, also a few Solitary 

 Glands and Peyer's Patches in its upper portion. The glands of Brunner 

 are absent, the villi and valvuise conniventes are almost wanting. 



State the Principal Relations of each of the three parts of the 

 Rectum. They are as follows, viz. 



Upper Part (4 inches), lies on the left pyriformis muscle and the left 



