162 



VISCERAL ANATOMY. 



What Openings are found in its Walls ? They are the 

 Opening for 'the Vena Cava, in the diaphragm. 

 Aortic Opening, behind the diaphragm, for the aorta, vena azygos minor, the 



thoracic duct, and occasionally the left sympathetic nerve. 

 (Esophageal Opening, in the diaphragm, for the oesophagus, and the pneumo- 



gastric nerves. 

 Umbilical Opening, in the anterior wall, transmitting the umbilical vessels in 



the foetus, but obliterated after birth, leaving a puckered depression, the 



Umbilicus. 



Internal Abdominal Ring, on each side, half an inch above Poupart's liga- 

 ment, for the passage of the spermatic cord in the male, and the round 



ligament of the uterus in the female. 

 Femoral or Crural Ring, on each side, just below Poupart's ligament; for 



the passage of the femoral vessels. This opening is closed by the Septum 



Crurale. (See Femoral Hernia.) 



Name the Regions of the Abdomen. The Abdomen is divided into 9 

 regions, by two horizontal lines, one between the cartilages of the gth ribs, 

 another between the crests of the ilia, and 2 vertical lines from the cartilages 

 of the 8th ribs to the centre of Poupart's ligament. The 9 regions thus formed 

 are named the 



Epigastric. 

 Umbilical. 

 Hypogastric. 



Right Hypochondriac. 

 Right Lumbar. 

 Right Inguinal. 

 FIG. 78. 



Left Hypochondriac. 

 Left Lumbar. 

 Left Inguinal. 

 What Parts are contained in each 



Region ? 



Right Hypochondriac Region, contains 

 the right lobe of the liver, gall-bladder, 

 duodenum, hepatic flexure of the colon, 

 upper part of the right kidney, and the 

 right supra-renal capsule. 



Epigastric Region, contains the right 

 two-thirds of the stomach, left lobe and 

 lobus Spigelii of the liver, hepatic 

 vessels, coeliac axis, solar plexus, pan- 

 creas, and parts of the aorta, inferior vena 

 cava, vena azygos, and thoracic duct. 



Left Hypochondriac Region, contains the 

 splenic end of the stomach, spleen, tail 

 of the pancreas, splenic flexure of the 

 colon, upper half of the left kidney and 

 its supra-renal capsule. 



