FEMORAL HERNIA. 229 



internally, Transversalis fascia, Iliac fascia, Gimbernat's ligament, and the 

 deep Crural arch. 



Name the Structures in relation with the Femoral Ring. The 

 Spermatic Cord, in the male, lies directly above its anterior margin, replaced 



by the round ligament in the female. 

 Femoral Vein,* lies next on its outer side. 

 Epigastric Artery, crosses its upper and outer angle. 

 Obturator Artery, when arising from a common trunk with the epigastric, 



as it does once in 3^ subjects, may lie close along its internal and superior 



margins. 



What is the Septum Crurale ? A layer of condensed cellular tissue, 

 supporting a lymphatic gland, and perforated for the passage of lymphatic 

 vessels. It lies across the femoral ring, and forms one of the coverings to 

 any hernia escaping thereby. It is sometimes named the Fascia of Cloquet, 

 or Fascia of Cooper. 



Describe the Crural Sheath. It is the sheath which invests the femoral 

 vessels below Poupart's ligament, and is formed by a prolongation of the 

 transversalis fascia anteriorly, and the iliac fascia posteriorly. It is divided by 

 two septa into 3 compartments, the exterior of which contains the Femoral 

 Artery, the middle one the Femoral Vein, while the one most internal is the 

 Femoral Canal. The sheath is perforated anteriorly by the genito-crural 

 nerve, internally by the internal saphenous vein, and forms one of the coverings 

 of a femoral hernia. 



What is the Deep Crural Arch ? It is the lower thickened border of 

 the transversalis fascia, which arches across the front of the crural sheath, and 

 is intimately connected therewith. It seems to be attached externally to the 

 centre of Poupart's ligament; internally it is inserted into the pectineal line 

 behind the conjoined tendon. 



Name the Coverings of Femoral Hernia. From without inwards its 

 coverings are the 



1. Skin. 



2. Superficial Fascia, 2 layers. 



3. Cribriform Fascia, from the saphenous opening. 



4. Crural Sheath, from the transversalis fascia. 



5. Septum Crurale, from the femoral ring. 



6. Peritoneum, the proper hernial sac. 



