Liquid Fungicides of 1886. 31 



found that the mixture could also be made with air-slaked 

 lime, but it then had the disadvantage of being more difficult 

 to apply. He came to the conclusion that the addition of glue 

 was of no particular value. Eau celeste proved to be a very 

 adhesive solution, and it also showed very efficient fungicidal 

 properties ; but it burned the foliage considerably and on that 

 account was open to objection. Simple solutions of the sul- 

 phate of copper, of varying strength, were applied, but although 

 the weakest contained only one-half per cent of the salt, the 

 foliage was in every case burned. 



L. Gaillot, of Beaune (Cote d'Or), had difficulty in obtaining 

 apparatus for throwing the Bordeaux mixture when made 

 according to the original formula, and so searched for some 

 simpler preparation. 1 It was at that time a common belief in 

 Burgundy that the first treatments need not be strong, for even 

 treating the posts was of benefit. After many trials, Gaillot 

 was led, in 1886, to make use of formulas which called for only 

 one or two kilos of copper sulphate, and only one kilo of lime, 

 these being applied in one hectoliter of water. 



Gaillot appears also to have been the first to make a success- 

 ful preparation of sulphur and the Bordeaux mixture. 2 He 

 used the following formula : 



Copper sulphate 1 kilo. 



Water 100 liters. 



In another vessel he placed 



Quicklime 5 kilos. 



Water 5-6 liters. 



When this was thoroughly slaked, he added 



Flowers of sulphur 1 kilo. 



This was thoroughly mixed with the lime paste, and to the 

 mixture he added small quantities of the copper sulphate solu- 

 tion, stirring well. When the number of additions caused the 

 material to be of a semi-fluid consistency, it was poured into 

 the barrel containing the copper sulphate solution. The con- 



1 Jour. &Ay. Prat. 1888, May 24, V6V. See also "Compte liendu du Congres 

 de Dijon," 1886; Vigne francaiM, 1SSG, Sept. 15, 27G, over initials K. J. 



2 "Coinpte Rendu des Reunions Viticoles," Dijon, 1886, June 4 and 5, 55. 



