Latest French Methods. 49 



" 3. The bouillie bordelaise celeste a poudre unique is as 

 effective as the others. This is an important point, for the 

 mixture is easily prepared and it dispenses entirely with lime, 

 which is the main objection to the Bordeaux mixture. 



" 4. The use of one kilo of copper sulphate in these mixtures 

 is not sufficient for obtaining the best results in treatments 

 similar to those just mentioned. If more of the sulphate is not 

 used, a larger number of applications must be made, or more 

 material used at each application." 



A case is mentioned l in which applications of sulphosteatite 

 were followed by as good results as could be expected from the 

 use of the Bordeaux mixture. At Norbonne, Cenon, and in 

 other portions of France near Bordeaux, this powder had 

 been regularly used for years in the prevention of mildew, and 

 it proved to be very efficient in preserving the fruit as well as 

 the foliage of the vine, even during seasons when untreated 

 plants lost all their leaves. At the estate of Andoque de 

 Seriege, near Norbonne, the powder was applied throughout 

 the vineyards in connection with sulphur. In this manner 

 both the downy mildew and the oidium were simultaneously 

 treated. Some growers in this region used the Bordeaux mix- 

 ture early in the season, and sulphosteatite for later applications. 



At present but little experimental work is being done with 

 fungicides in France. The Bordeaux mixture has become by 

 far the most popular fungicide, and there are now no indica- 

 tions of a superior article to replace it. Fungous diseases do 

 not appear to be so generally severe in Europe as in America, 

 and this accounts for the fact that grapes and potatoes, which 

 are the plants most seriously attacked, are the only ones gener- 

 ally treated. Applications are made upon other plants as well, 

 but only to a limited extent, and for less serious diseases. 



The vineyards of France commonly receive the following 

 applications, the work being considered as a regular duty, co- 

 ordinate with cultivation or pruning. It is an established fact 

 that the vines must be sprayed, and the work is done essentially 

 as follows. Three or four applications, depending upon the 

 season, are considered sufficient : 



1. The vines are sprayed w r hen in blossom, or soon after, with 

 the Bordeaux mixture. 



1 Jour. d'Aff. Prat. 1892, Feb. 18, 231. 



