Paris Crreen and the Codlin-moth. 63 



applied to J. S. Woodward, of Lockport. N.Y., for advice in 

 regard to the best method of treating the canker-worms which 

 were then ruining his apple trees. Mr. Woodward advised the 

 use of Paris green. I will here quote from a letter which Mr. 

 Woodward was so kind as to send me in May, 1894: "I ad- 

 vised him to spray with Paris green, and went with him to get 

 the necessary apparatus. He took it home and used it, and 

 when I saw him again the following fall, he told me of its hav- 

 ing not only rid the orchard of canker-worms, but that the 

 apples on the sprayed part were much less eaten by codlin- 

 moths. I was so much interested that I went to see the or- 

 chard and was convinced that the spraying had done what he 

 had said. This fact I reported at the following, January, meet- 

 ing of our society [West. N. Y. Hort. Soc.] and shall never for- 

 get this because of the way in which I was jumped upon as a 

 crank." l The record, which may be found in the report of the 

 society, is undoubtedly the first that gives an account of the 

 successful treatment of the codlin-moth by means of Paris 

 green. The same fact was also mentioned in a meeting of the 

 Michigan Pomological Society held in Hillsdale, Feb. 11-13, 

 1880. 2 At the annual meeting of this society, held at Ann Ar- 

 bor, Dec. 6-8, 1880, Professor Cook reported having used the 

 remedy suggested by Mr. Woodward with the following 

 result : " T thoroughly sprayed some Siberian crab-apple trees 

 the 25th of May, and again the 20th of June ; but I used Lon- 

 don purple, 1 tablespoon to 2 gallons of water. The fruit 

 of these trees has been seriously injured whenever they have 

 borne during previous years. This year they were loaded with 

 fruit, but careful examination, made Aug. 19th, discovered not 



1 Kept, of a meeting of the West. 1ST. Y. Hort. Soc., held in Rochester, 18T9, 

 Jan. 22, 23, 20. It appears that the same discovery was alsc made at this time 

 in Iowa. According to Rural Life of May 30, 1S95, 13. London purple was 

 used in 1878 to destroy canker-worms, and this is said to have saved the crop 

 from the codlin-moth: "Hon. John M. Dixon, of Oskaloosa, was then [1877] 

 trustee of the Iowa Agricultural College. He watched our work and concluded 

 lie would try spraying on his big orchard to destroy the canker-worm. In doing 

 tliis he made a great discovery. The spraying was timely for destroying the 

 codlin-moth. He marketed, in 1878, carloads of apples in Minneapolis entirely 

 free from worms or wormholes. Mr. Dixon and the writer [Professor Budd] told 

 of these results in the horticultural reports and the press, yet so far as we know 

 others have been given the credit for this pioneer work." 



2 Itept. Mich. Pom. Soc. 1880, 26. 



