Materials and Formulas. 161 



same as the ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate, since this 

 compound is first formed, and is then dissolved by ammonia. 

 A solution of sodium sulphate is also present, but this is scarcely 

 objectionable. The freshly precipitated carbonate of copper is 

 much more easily dissolved by ammonia than the dry article is, 

 and in this respect the preparation is superior to the common 

 ammoniacal solution. But there is also present a certain amount 

 of the sulphate of soda, yet, if properly diluted, no injury should 

 result from this source. Modified eau celeste is readily prepared 

 as follows : 



Copper sulphate 2 pounds. 



Sal-soda 2 1 " 



Dissolve these separately with a small quantity of water and 

 slowly unite them. When chemical action has stopped add 



Ammonia, 26 Beaume 1 quart. 



Or ammonia, 22 Beaume 3 quarts. 



This concentrated solution should be diluted before an appli- 

 cation is made, with from 50 to 100 gallons of water, the last 

 being probably none too much. The fungicide is cheap and effect- 

 ive. The price of sal-soda varies from \\ to 5 cents per pound. 



MOLASSES. See SUGAR. 



OIL. None of the oils is used in a pure form, with the ex- 

 ception of kerosene; a few others are occasionally applied in 

 connection with some other substance. 



OIL AND ALKALI WASH. 



1. Whale-oil l\ gallons. 



Sal-soda 25 pounds. 



Water 25 gallons. 



The sal-soda is first dissolved in the boiling water, after 

 which the oil is added. Apply when cooled to 130. Use 

 during winter for scale insects. 



2. Concentrated lye (American, 80 per cent) ... 1 pound. 



Potash & " 



Water 6 gallons. 



In place of the lye, one can use f pound of Greenbank pow- 

 dered caustic soda, of 98 per cent ; or 1 pound of solid caustic 

 M 



