184 The Spraying of Plants. 



Many other syringes could be mentioned, but the above repre- 

 sent the principal ones in use in England as well as in other 

 European countries. American gardeners also used them ex- 

 tensively, and this type of syringe is still very commonly found, 

 although in a much modified form. The following syringe is one 

 of the most popular recently used (Fig. 4) : " In applying Paris 

 green or any other solutions to fruit or ornamental trees, Whit- 

 man's fountain pump is invaluable. It will throw a stream 

 thirty feet high, sixty feet horizontally, and works so easily 

 that a child five years old can work it. It can also be used 

 advantageously in watering plants, cleaning carriages and win- 

 dows, and might enable one to prevent much destruction in case 

 of fire. The pump now retails at seven and one-half dollars." l 



FIG. 4. Whitman's fountain pump. 



Garden engines were designed to throw larger amounts of 

 liquid than could be well done with hand syringes, and they 

 were also generally arranged so that a considerable amount of 

 liquid could be transported from one part of the grounds to 

 another. A large number of different kinds were made, but 

 the majority of them consisted of a force pump fastened upon 

 a tank. The pumps, tanks, and the devices for transporting the 

 outfit, differed considerably. All were designed to throw clear 

 water, or solutions which contained no coarse particles. The 

 nozzles used were also designed for the same purpose, and were 

 very simple in construction. Fig. 5 represents one of the early 

 machines used in America. 



The spraying implements in use in America and in Europe 

 were until recently very similar. The comparatively small 

 amount of work which had been done in fighting insect and 

 fungous enemies previous to 1880 could be fairly well accom- 



i Cook, Rept. Mich. Pom. Soc. 1878, 236. 



