186 The Spraying of Plants. 



experienced in making the application. In 1874, Frank M. 

 Gray, of Jefferson, Cook County, 111., sent to Professor C. V. 

 Riley, then of Missouri, a sprinkler which was designed to 

 spray two rows of potatoes at once. 1 It consisted of a tank 

 holding about eight gallons, and was so arranged that it could 

 be strapped to the back of the operator. Two leads of hose 

 were attached at the bottom of the tank. At the outer extrem- 

 ity of each hose was a nozzle or sprinkler which broke the 

 liquid up into fine drops. The flow was due to the force of 

 gravity, and could be shut off at will by clamps placed upon 

 the hose. This is the first case which has come to my knowl- 

 edge of the principle of a knapsack sprayer being used in 

 combating the pests of cultivated plants. It will be noticed, 

 however, that no pump was fastened to this machine. Several 

 devices, resembling the above more or less, have since been con- 

 structed, but they have not met with much favor. 



W. P. Peck, of West Grove, Penn., made another machine 

 for applying Paris green in water. 2 He also used a tank strapped 

 to the back, but atomized the liquid by means of a crank which 

 operated a pair of bellows. The machine was also provided 

 with an automatic agitator which prevented the poison from 

 settling. 



The first knapsack pumps used in America were imported 

 from France, and it was not until 1890 that Americans began 

 seriously to consider their manufacture. In France, their use 

 is also very recent, since, at the close of the year 1885, these 

 machines were scarcely known. The manufacture of two forms 

 had just begun, their structure having undoubtedly been sug- 

 gested by the conditions under which the Bordeaux mixture 

 could be most thoroughly applied. One machine was made by 

 Gaillot, of Beaune (Cote d'Or). 3 It was constructed so that 

 air was forced, by means of an exterior pump, into the liquid 

 at the bottom of the tank, and the contents were kept agitated 

 by the rising air. The other form was manufactured by Kat- 

 terbach, also of Beaune ; but, as it appears to have been little 

 used, it cannot have been of much value. Four or five different 



1 Kiley, "Potato Pests," 187(5, 63, 



2 Ibid. 64. 



3 Ricaud, Jour. d'Ag. Prat. 1885, Dec. 3, 795 ; also Gaillot, JMd. 1888, May 

 24, 733. 



