Spraying Devices and Machinery. 201 



of pressure which forces the piston back to its fullest extent, 

 thus allowing the passage of the obstruction. This nozzle is 

 in many respects a radical departure from all forms made at 

 the time of its introduction, and its automatic action marks it 

 as a distinct advance in the evolution of spray nozzles. 



The second group of nozzles, including those in which the 

 stream of liquid is broken by some obstruction preventing its 

 free outward passage, is represented by fewer specimens than is 

 either one of the others. Although such nozzles were among 

 the first made, their construc- 

 tion apparently does not admit 

 of so many modifications as are 

 feasible in the other groups. 



The form first sold was known 

 as a " Diffuser." It was made 

 by extending a portion of one 

 side of the outlet orifice into a 

 broad, fan-shaped piece of metal 

 against which the liquid was 

 thrown at a very slight angle. 

 This caused the stream to spread 

 over the surface of the projec- 

 tion, and in this manner it was 

 broken up into a coarse spray. 

 Fig. 20 a represents a form at 

 present used in France, the 

 "Vigouroux." The fan-shaped 

 projection has in recent years 

 been so constructed that it may 

 be brought close to the orifice or it can be removed entirely l 

 (Fig. 20 ft). It is generally made of metal, but there is now 

 sold one form in which a piece of rubber answers the same 

 purpose. The rubber is pressed over the opening in the nozzle, 

 and the size of the orifice as well as the character of the spray 

 may be varied to a considerable extent. 



In 1884 a patent was granted to the Nixon Nozzle & Machine 

 Co., 2 on a nozzle known as the " Climax," in which the liquid 

 was forcibly thrown as a solid stream against a piece of wire 



1 P. C. Lewis Manufacturing Co. Catskill, N.Y. 

 2 Nixon Nozzle & Machine Co. Dayton, O. 



FIG. 20. a-, "Vigouroux" 

 ft, " Lewis " ; c, " Climax '' 

 d, "Ball." 



