Spraying Devices and Machinery. 203 



engaged as an agent of the United States Entomological Com- 

 mission, and was stationed in the South to conduct experiments 

 for the destruction of the cotton-worm. It was probably while 

 engaged in the work of throwing liquids that the idea suggested 

 itself, and that it was soon put into execution is shown by an 

 affidavit made by Professor C. V. Riley, April 14, 1886. 1 During 

 1880 the principle was tested with the aid of watch crystals, these 

 being chosen from the fact that in them the action of the liquid 

 could be easily observed. Other contrivances were also em- 

 ployed, and thus began the series which eventually led to the 

 construction of the nozzle that became 

 widely known as the " Riley," " Cy- 

 clone," or "Eddy-chamber" spray nozzle 

 (Fig. 21 ). Unfortunately, the name 

 " Barnard " has not been more closely 

 connected with the invention, which is 

 without doubt one of the most impor- 

 tant of the many bearing on the subject 

 of spraying. The nozzle was briefly 

 mentioned in the annual report of the 

 United States Commissioner of Agri- 

 culture for 1881-82, and again in the 

 report of 1884. In the latter report, on 

 page 330, Dr, Riley makes the following 

 statement: " The final form of chamber 

 adopted is the result of numberless ex- 

 periments carried on by Dr. Barnard in 

 my work, both for the United States 

 Entomological Commission and the De- 

 partment of Agriculture." 



Dr. Riley visited France in 1884, and in an address delivered 

 June 30, to the Societe Centrale d' Agriculture de ITTerault, he 

 mentioned Barnard's nozzle, and this no doubt hastened its 

 adoption in that country.' 2 The nozzle was easily clogged, and 

 on this account it gave considerable trouble, yet it was conceded 

 to be one of the best, and was used by several experimenters in 

 1885. Tt attracted the attention of French manufacturers, 

 the firm of V. Vermorel, Villefranche (Rhone), being perhaps 



FIG. 21. a-, "Cyclone"; 

 7;, old form of " Vermo- 

 rel " ; c, modified form 

 of " Vermorel." 



1 Official Gazette U. & Patent Office, Vol. 



2 Messayer Agricole, 1884, July' 10, 2(51. 



. 12, 1922, 



