Apple. 



249 



also the young foliage, so that even large trees frequently suffer 



severely from the insect. The young growing leaves are drawn 



together and firmly held by means of silken threads, and in 



this retreat the larvae are well sheltered (Fig. 40). The insect 



pupates within this mass of foliage 



six or seven weeks after its first 



appearance in spring, and about 



ten days later the adult appears. 



Eggs are laid after three or four 



days, and thus the life circle of the 



insect is completed. 



Treatment. The insect may be > 

 quite easily destroyed by thoroughly \ 

 spraying the affected trees with 

 arsenical poisons as soon as the 

 buds have opened, so that the tips 

 of the young leaves may be seen. 

 Two applications, made before the 

 blossoms open, should prove en- 

 tirely effective in the destruction 

 of this insect. 



Canker-worm (Anisopteryx pome- 

 taria, Harris). Description. This 

 insect is commonly called the fall canker-worm, and another 

 species, Paleacrita vernata, Peck, is known as the spring canker- 

 worm ; * they are frequently termed measuring worms, from the 

 peculiar manner in which they move about (Fig. 41). 



The caterpillars vary in color from yellow to dark brown, 

 and are variously striped. When mature they are about an 

 inch long. They then leave the tree upon which they have 

 been feeding, either by crawling down the trunk or by lower- 

 ing themselves from the branches by means of a fine thread. 

 They enter the ground and spin cocoons. Here they remain 

 until fall, when the adult moths appear. The male (Fig. 42) 

 has a wing expanse of about one and one-fourth inches. It is 

 of a glossy gray color, two irregular white bands being gener- 

 ally found upon each of the fore wings. The female is wing- 

 less (Fig. 43), from one-fourth to nearly half an inch in length, 

 and is also gray in color. She soon crawls up the trunk of the 



1 Saunders, " Insects Injurious to Fruit," 1889, 46. 



FIG. 40. Young- apple foliage in- 

 jured by larva of bud-moth. 



