Pear. 335 



fall from, the trees but remain upon the branches, giving the 

 parts the appearance of having been scorched by fire. The 

 bark of affected stems becomes brown and sunken. The bac- 

 terium enters the tree through the blossoms and also through the 

 growing tips. There is no known remedy, the only method of 

 checking the malady being to cut out affected parts and to 

 burn them as fast as they appear. 



Treatment. The leaf spot of pear and quince may be pre- 

 vented by spraying the trees with the Bordeaux mixture as 

 soon as the first leaves have developed. The application should 

 be repeated at intervals of two to four weeks, more treatments 

 being made during moist weather, until the first of August. 

 Later treatments will rarely be required. In case they should 

 appear to be necessary, the ammoniacal carbonate of copper, 

 diluted as for peaches, should be applied. Other clear fungi- 

 cides will answer the same purpose for the late treatments. 



Rust. See under APPLE. 



Scab. See under APPLE. 



INSECT ENEMIES. 



Borers. See under APPLE. 



Bud-moth. See under APPLE. 



Cigar-case Bearer. See under APPLE. 



Codlin-moth. See under APPLE. 



Curculio. See under PLUM. 



Midge (Diplosis pyrivora, Riley). Description. The mature 

 insect is a small two-winged fly or gnat. It appears in early 

 spring, the winter having been passed in the pupal stage, and 

 lays its eggs in the young pear blossoms even before these are 

 fully opened. The eggs hatch quickly, and the larvae immedi- 

 ately bore into the young fruit, which they pierce in all direc- 

 tions. The fruit becomes swollen and misshapen, and eventually 

 drops from the trees. Before this takes place the pears crack 

 open in wet weather, and thus allow the escape of the midge 

 larvae. The larvae are less than three-sixteenths of an inch in 

 length; they are pale yellow in color, and have a very smooth 

 skin. They enter the ground early in June and there pupate ; 

 the mature insect appears the following spring. 



Treatment. The pear-midge is exceedingly difficult to control. 

 It cannot be reached by insecticides while in the pears, and after 



