Flowers numerous in rounded umbels; perianth-segments nearly 



separate; leaves long-petioled 4. 

 Flowers in clusters of 1 8; leaves short-petioled, sessile, or 



clasping 8. 



4a. Stems herbaceous (flowers greenish-yellow, ill-scented) (Car- 

 rion-flower) 5. 



4b. Stems woody, thorny, climbing (flowers greenish-yellow, 

 early summer) (Green Brier) 7. 



Stems climbing by tendrils 6. 



Stem not climbing; only the upper leaves, or none, with tendrils 



Carrion-flower, Smilax ecirrhata. 



6a. Leaves smooth beneath. Carrion-flower, Smilax herbaeea. 

 6b. Leaves minutely pubescent beneath when 'mature 



Carrion-flower, Smilax herbacea var. pulverulenta, 

 Leaves with 5 principal veins. Green Brier, Smilax rotmidifolia. 

 Leaves with 7 principal veins. Green Brier, Smilax hispida. 



8a. Perianth-segments united into a tube (flowers axillary, late 



spring) (Solomon's Seal) 9. 



8b. Perianth-segments separate (28 dm. high; spring) (Twist- 

 ed-stalk) 10. 



Leaves minutely pubescent beneath; filaments rough, inserted at 

 three-fourths the length of the perianth (3 8 dm. high) 



Small Solomon's Seal, Polygonatum biflorum. 

 Leaves smooth beneath; filaments smooth, inserted at the middle 

 of the perianth tube (515 dm. high) 



Great Solomon's Seal, Polyg-onatum commutatnm. 

 lOa. Leaves distinctly clasping the stem; flowers greenish-white 

 Twisted-stalk, Streptopus amplexifolius. 

 lOb. Leaves closely sessile; flowers reddish to purple 11. 



Rootstock short and thick; berries spherical 



Twisted- stalk, Streptopus rosens. 

 Rootstock long and slender; berries 3-angled 



Twisted-stalk, Streptopus longlpes. 



12a. Perianth-segments 5 12 cm. long 13. 

 12b. Perianth-'segments shorter than 5 cm. 19. 



Leaves all or chiefly basal, stem-leaves bract-like or none 14. 

 Leaves chiefly or entirely on the stem 15. 



14a. Leaves numerous, linear or sword-shape (flowers orange, 

 summer) Day Lily, Hemerocallis fulva. 



14b. Leaves a single pair, oblong or lanceolate 21. 



Leaves a single whorl of 3 (Wake Robin, Trillium) 22. 

 Leaves numerous (6 12 dm. high; flowers yellow, orange, or 

 red, in summer) (Lily) 16. 



16a. Flowers erect 17. 

 16b. Flowers nodding 18. 



