8i 



6a. Leaf-segments filiform (summer) 



Fennel, Foeniculum vulgare. 

 6b. Leaf-segments ovate to lanceolate 



Golden Alexander, Taenidia integerrima. 



7a. Leaves pinnately compound; some of the leaflets incised or pin- 



natifid 8. 



7b. Leaves ternately compound; the segments crenate or serrate 9. 

 7c. Leaves deeply palmately cleft or divided; flowers in head-like 



umbels 18a. 



8a. Leaf-segments obtuse, rounded, or cordate at the base (6 15 



dm. high; summer) Wild Parsnip, Pastinaca saliva. 



8b. Leaf-segments narrowed to the base (4 8 dm. high; spring) 



Prairie Parsley, Polytaenia niittallii. 



9a. Terminal leaflets conspicuously stalked, their total length, in- 

 cluding stalk, at least 50% greater than the length of the 

 lateral leaflets (Meadow Parsnip) 10. 



9b. Terminal leaflets not conspicuously stalked, their total length, 

 including stalk, about equaling the lateral leaflets (4 8 dm. 

 high; late spring) (Golden Alexander) 12. 



lOa. Flowers purple (4 8 dm. high; early summer) 



Meadow Parsnip, Thaspium aureum Tar. atropurpureum. 



lOb. Flowers yellow 11. 



lla. Stem-leaves once-ternate; leaflets finely serrate (4 8 dm. high; 

 early summer) Meadow Parsnip, Thaspium aureum. 



lib. Many stem-leaves 2 3-ternate; leaflets coarsely serrate or in- 

 cised (6 12 dm. high; early summer) 



Meadow Parsnip, Thaspium barbinode. 

 12a. Basal and lower stem-leaves 2 3-ternate 



Golden Alexander, Zizia aurea. 

 12b. Basal leaves simple; stem-leaves once-ternate 



Golden Alexander, Zizia cordata, 



13a. Leaves once-pinnate (or the submerged leaves decompound, if 



present) (summer) 14. 

 13b. Leaves ternately, palmately, or 2 3-pinnately compound 16. 



14a. Leaflets mostly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, some of them 

 coarsely incised (3 9 dm. high) 



Water Parsnip, Berula erecta. 



14b. Leaflets linear to oblong, serrate to nearly entire, not 

 incised (615 dm. high) 15. 



15a. Leaflets entire, or with a few low remote teeth 



Cowbane, Oxypolis rigidior. 

 15b. Leaflets finely but sharply serrate 



Water Parsnip, Sium cicutaefolium. 



16a. Leaves principally basal, decompound; flowers in early 

 spring (1 2 dm. high) Harbinger of Spring, Erigenia bulbosa. 



16b. Leaves principally on the stem 17. 



