'122 



lOla. Inflorescence densely crowded; usually 1 m. or less high 



Iromveed, Yernonia fasciculate 

 lOlb. Inflorescence loose and open. 1530 cm. wide; 1 2 m. high 



Iromveed, Yenionia altissima 



102a. Pappus tawny in color Iroimeed, Yernonia missurica. 

 102b. Pappus purple Iroimeed, Yernonia illinoensis. 



103a. Leaves alternate 104. 

 103b. Leaves opposite 106. 



103c. Leaves whorled (1 3 m. high; flowers pink or purple, late sum- 

 mer) (Joe-Pye Weed) 107. 



104a. Heads 5-flowered (5 20 dm. high; flowers white or pink- 

 ish, late summer) (Indian Plantain) 105. 



104b. Heads 10 25-flowered (510 dm. high; flowers white, late 



summer) False Boneset, kiilinia eupatorioides, 



104c. Heads with more than 50 flowers (3 20 dm. high; flowers 



white, summer) Fire weed, Erechtites hieracifolia. 



105a. Leaves entire, with many veins from base to apex 



Indian Plantain, Cacalia tuberosa. 



105b. Leaves sharply serrate Indian Plantain, Cacalia suaveolens. 



105c. ' Leaves broadly triangular or kidney-shape, sinuate or entire 



Indian Plantain, Cacalia atriplicifolia. 

 106a. Leaves united at the base (5 15 dm. high) 



Boneset, Eupatoriura perfoliatum. 



106b. Leaves sessile but not united at the base (5 15 dm. high) 

 Upland Boneset, Eupatorium sessilifolium. 

 106c. Leaves petioled (412 dm. high) 



White Snakeroot, Eupatorium urticaefolium. 



107a. Inflorescence ovoid or pyramidal 



Joe-Pye Weed, Eupatorium purpureum. 

 107b. Inflorescence depressed or flattened 



Joe-Pye Weed, Eupatorium purpureum Tar. maculatum. 



108a. Rays yellow or brown 109. 



108b. Rays white to blue or red, never yellow or brown 197. 



109a. Principal leaves basal, the stem merely with bract-like scales 



110. 



109b. Principal leaves on the stem, opposite or whorled 111. 

 109c. Principal leaves on the stem, alternate, or with smaller ones 

 clustered in their axils 132. 



llOa. Flower-stalk 1 5 dm. high, 1-flowered (springi 



Coltsfoot, Tussilago farfara. 

 HOb. Flower-stalk 1 3 m. high, several-flowered (summer) 



Prairie Dock, Silphium terebinthinaceum. 



Ilia. Ray-flowers pistillate (the 2-lobed style protrudes from their 



base) 112. 

 lllb. Ray-flowers with neither stamens nor pistil 118. 



