THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 



147 



sold in Michigan are stated on the 

 same autiioiity to be adulterated with 

 poisonous substances. Analyses of 

 the sugar sold in New York reveal 

 the presence not only of glucose with 

 its inherent poisons, but of muriate 

 of tin, a formidable poison; which is 

 employed in the bleaching process. 

 Mr. Fuller, a retired importer of sugar, 

 called the attention of the United 

 States Board of Trade, in their meet- 

 ing held in New York in November, 

 1878, to the dangerous adulterations 

 practiced with sugar, honey and mo- 

 lasses. Glucose is largely used to 

 adulterate maple sugar, candies, 

 jellies, honey, and other sweet foods. 



Oleojiargahine— Whicli is now 

 extensively manufactured from ani- 

 mal fat as a substitute for butter, is 

 dreaded as a vehicle for infecting 

 the human system with trichinse and 

 other internal parasites. The fat is 

 not subjected to a higher temperature 

 than 120-' F. John Micliels, a New 

 York chemist, states that the refuse 

 fat of one pork packing establishment 

 is to his knowledge sent to the artifi- 

 cial butter factories, and Prof. Church 

 found in oleomargarine horse fat, fat 

 from bones, and waste fat, such as is 

 ordinarily used in making candies. 



It will be observed from the above, 

 that the grape sugar of commerce 

 and glucose are identified as one and 

 the same product, and, as so often 

 asserted by Prof.Kedsie,Dr. Kellogg, 

 Prof. Newton, and all other chemical 

 experts of any note, the difference in 

 the two articles is only in name. 

 Where a distinction is made, it is only 

 as a technical quibble ; but it has no 

 foundation in fact. Glucose is no 

 worse than commercial grape sugar, 

 nor can it be any better, so long as 

 it is the same thing, but in different 

 shape. 



tional Convention in Cincinnati, in 

 1880, we exhibited some Italian bees 

 preserved in phials of alcohol, as also 

 one phial wliich was tilled with bees 

 on the Island of Cyprus, and four of 

 the lots of Italians were unhesitat- 

 ingly pronounced Cyprians by an ex- 

 pert present, who is quite as familiar 

 with the new races as any man in 

 America. 



Perhaps the best test with those ac- 

 customed to handling the better Ital- 

 ians, is in opening the hives. While 

 the Italians on the combs are slow, 

 deliberate, and dignified in their 

 movements, the bees from Syria and 

 Cyprus are quick, nervous, and angu- 

 lar, hurrying and scurrying back and 

 forth, and making every demonstra- 

 tion of anger, which is not always a 

 feint. They are, too, less tractable 

 with smoke. 



Testing the New Races. 



Mr. W. S. Blaisdell, Randolph, Vt., 

 makes the following inquiry : 



Please give in the Journal the 

 standard tests of purity for the three 

 leading races of bees — the Italian, 

 Syrian, and Cyprian? If you will do 

 this, you will very much oblige me and 

 others who are purchasing queens, 

 and who wish to be able to indicate 

 from the progeny what value there 

 is specially in the class called "tested." 



It will require great familiarity 

 with the three races to be able to dis- 

 tinguish any difference readily. We 

 have frequently been more than a 

 little puzzled over the problem. Count 

 Barbo, Vice President of the Italian 

 National Society, in Milan, in allud- 

 ing to the crescent on the corslet of 

 the Cyprian bee, which is the only 

 distinguishing mark, said that it was 

 not uncommon for their Italian bees 

 to show the same mark. At the Na- 



Do they Love It?— Speaking of the 

 late Convention of glucose manufac- 

 turers in Chicago, the Soutliern Cultiva- 

 tor remarks as follows : 



They were in session several days 

 and evinced a determination to prose- 

 cute their enterprise without abate- 

 ment. Fifteen establishments were 

 represented, and a permanent organi- 

 zation was accomplished for the mu- 

 tual advancement of those engaged 

 in this branch of manufactures. Des- 

 pite the warnings of the press of the 

 country, showing the danger attend- 

 ing the use of glucose, the people 

 seem to be fond of it, as is indicated 

 by its general introduction and large 

 consumption. 



We do not think the large consump- 

 tion of glucose is because the people 

 are "fond of it," but because they 

 have it palmed off on them for pure 

 sweets. The vile trash has no legiti- 

 mate end — its only use is to adulterate. 

 Its very existence is but a sham, a 

 fraud and a curse ; bringing disease 

 and premature death upon thousands. 



Binders for 1 882.— We have had a 

 lot of Emerson binders made espe- 

 cially for the Bee Journal for 1882. 

 They are lettered in gold on the back, 

 and make a nice and convenient way 

 to preserve the Journal as fast as 

 received. They will be sent postpaid 

 by mail for 75 cents. 



Giye Address.— Please, in the next 

 issue of the Bee Journal, give the 

 name and address of the makers of 

 the Vandervort foundation machine, 

 and oblige, A SuBSCRrBEB. 



Lucia, O. 



It is J. Vandervort, Laceyville, Pa. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



Telephone for tlie Apiary.— Mr. Jas. 

 A. Nelson, Wyandott, Kas., describes 

 his telephone, in Gleanings, thus : 



Our telephone is sort of three con- 

 cerned ; has 3 ends — one at the house, 

 one at the shop, and one at the barn. 

 At eitlier point I can hear the bees 

 when they strike the wire ; can hear a 

 call to dinner while sitting at my desk 

 in the office, and, in fact, have heard 

 the hens cackle in the barn from the 

 shop ; so you see we know when to go 

 after the eggs. It is a triangle, with 

 a single wire running from each point, 

 making 55 feet from house to shop ; 

 60 feet from house to barn, and 80 feet 

 from shop to barn. The house is 

 brick, and I could not well cut a hole 

 through, so I just raised the window 

 about 5 inches and put a board in the 

 opening ; where the wire passes 

 through the board is a one-inch hole, 

 covered with soft sheep leather ; the 

 wire through the leather is in the cen- 

 ter of the hole, so the cold air and the 

 bees are kept out. I tliink Mr. Gallup 

 is needlessly alarmed about the bees 

 killing themselves on the wire. I have 

 watclied them, and all I have seen 

 strike have been rising from the 

 hives, and it merely turns them from 

 their course a little. I have not seen 

 one fall to the ground. 



Adulterated Food.— The Maine Far- 

 mer reports as follows on this subject: 

 It is a "burning shame" that such 

 frauds have not been stopped by Con- 

 gress long ago. Let us hope that it 

 will now be done speedily. The Far- 

 nier says : 



A citizen of Bath recently bought 

 some granulated sugar in that city. 

 On melting some of it for making pre- 

 serves, a quantity of blue scum rose 

 to the top which alarmed the family. 

 It is supposed that some of the best 

 refiners use blue clay, and some of the 

 poisonous analine blues to improve 

 the color of their sugars. Tliis led to 

 the testing of cream of taVtar, which 

 was purchased from the same dealer, 

 supposing it to be pure, and it was 

 found tliat more than one-third was a 

 sediment which would not dissolve. 

 The substance used for coloring sugar 

 is ultramarine, and is used for the 

 purpose of covering up some defects 

 in the product, and as for cream of 

 tartar, not one pound in fifty sold by 

 grocers is pure. The adulteration 

 amounts to one-half. 



It is terrible to think that little 

 children should have to suffer for in- 

 dulgence in sweets, but so it is. We 

 grown people stand by and see the 

 health of our little ones vitiated be- 

 cause we must not interfere with 

 trade. But this is a nefarious trade 

 which gives us foods that act inju- 



