GEOLOGICAL RELATIONS. 7 



extended to include the Eozoic area of Newfoundland, though separated 

 by the Gulf St. Lawrence. The lowest line between the northern and 

 southern sections reaches tide-water along Hudson river; and as the 

 disappearance of the Cenozoic margin at Cape Cod suggests a more 

 extensive depression of the land northerly, it is not strange that the 

 remotest section of the Atlantic area should be depressed more than the 

 others. There is a correspondence in the arrangement of the Newfound- 

 land formations with those of the adjacent provinces of New Brunswick 

 and Nova Scotia. The Paleozoic rocks of the north-west side of New- 

 foundland correspond with those of Gaspe ; the central gneissic area is 

 continuous from New Brunswick; and, not to mention all, the outer 

 Eozoic area of the outer Newfoundland island is the continuation of the 

 Nova Scotia Atlantic strata. Hence I believe a new classification is 

 possible, — that of the northern or Ne^^'foundland, the middle or New 

 Hampshire, and the southern or North Carolina sections of the Atlantic 

 range. The middle and southern will correspond with the northern and 

 southern sections of the Appalachian system, so ably set forth by Prof. 

 Arnold Guyot, in his memoir published in the Avierican yoimial of Sci- 

 ence and Arts, H, vol. xxxi, p. 157. The Appalachian system relates more 

 properly to the Paleozoic elevations to the west of the Atlantic chain, 

 the name having been improperly extended in application through false 

 theories of the age of the New England rocks. 



In the southern section Laurentian areas are abundant. They are less 

 so in the middle district ; but I will now introduce a map and sections, 

 which will characterize the formations with considerable minuteness. 



The Map. 



Herewith is annexed [Plate i] a small geological map of New England, 

 with portions of the adjacent states and provinces. The territor}- includes 

 what might be termed the "Champlain island," or that portion of the 

 continent east of the Hudson valley which existed as an isolated district 

 for a long time after the Glacial period, the then submerged Hudson, 

 Champlain, and St. Lawrence valleys, and the remoter portions of Nova 

 Scotia, Cape Breton, and Newfoundland. It corresponds exactly with 

 the middle and northern section of the Atlantic belt, as defined above. 

 The lines were carefully drawn upon the scale of twenty-four miles to the 



