No. 4.] NEW ENGLAND AGRICULTURE. 99 



Coaiparing the totals for New England with the totals for 

 the United States, we find that in 1850 these six States, 

 with only 11.76 per cent of the capital employed in manu- 

 facturing industries and 32.04 per cent of the employees, 

 paid 31.78 per cent of the wages, and turned out 27.80 

 per cent of the total products. In 1890, with only 7.51 

 per cent of the population, the percentages as to manufact- 

 ures were, respectively : capital, 18.02 ; employees, 18.35 ; 

 wages, 18.15 ; products, 15.99. 



While these figures show clearly enough the natural con- 

 nection between density of population and accumulation of 

 manufacturing industries, they fall far short of exhibiting 

 the full truth of the situation, since, out of regard to our 

 general subject, I have included all the New England States 

 in the grouping presented. We have already seen that 

 these States have, by more than 20 per cent, a higher 

 average of urban population than the country as a whole, 

 and the above table shows that their percentage of manu- 

 facturing industry is nearly two and a half times their per- 

 centage of the total population — (say, in round numbers, 

 7.5 to 18). But, if we look at the three great manufact- 

 uring States of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connec- 

 ticut, the facts are still more striking. Thus, in 1890 the 

 numl)er of inhabitants per square mile for the United States 

 was 21.31, while in Massachusetts it was 278.48, in Rhode 

 Island 318.44 and in Connecticut 154.03. The percentage 

 of urban population throughout the United States is 29.20, 

 while in Massachusetts it is 69.90, in Rhode Island 78.89, 

 in Connecticut 51.63. 



Similarly, Massachusetts, with 3.57 per cent of the total 

 population of the United States, has 9.65 per cent of the 

 total capital employed in manufactures and 10.29 per cent 

 of the employees ; pays 10.40 per cent of the total wages 

 and turns out 9.15 per cent of the total products. Rhode 

 Island, with .55 per cent of the population, has 1.93 per 

 cent of the capital and 1.82 per cent of the employees; 

 pays 1.66 per cent of the total wages and turns out 1.52 

 per cent of the total product. Connecticut, with 1.19 per 

 cent of the population, has 3.47 per cent of the capital and 

 3.18 per cent of the employees; pays 3.32 per cent of 



