No. 4.] MAKING MILK FOR PRIVATE TRADE. 201 



wash it perfectly clean, and never have any trouble. There 

 is not a speck or streak in it. 



Secretary Sessions. Because you handle it systematically, 

 and do not give it an opportunity to dry onto the cans 



Mr. Lyman. I think likely. 



Secretary Sessions. It makes a great diflerence if you 

 attend to these things from first to last. 



Mr. Gray. We have no trouble with white specks ; 

 never did. 



Secretary Sessions. White specks come from negligence, 

 in my experience. 



Mr. Lyman. I used to handle a great deal of butter that 

 had streaks and specks in it. Since creameries have been 

 established that has gone out. 



In speaking of the firmness and hardness of butter, I 

 think cream raised in the old-fashioned way and skimmed ofl:' 

 from pans makes a firmer, harder butter, and that it will 

 stand more heat than that raised in separator or by cold 

 storage. 



Mr. W. H. Gove (of Blackinton.) That is my ex- 

 perience. I use small pans. I find that it makes better 

 butter, and, as Mr. Lyman stated, two pounds of my butter 

 seems to go about as far as three pounds of creamery 

 butter. I have customers that I have had eighteen j^ears. 

 I have some that have tried creamery butter, but have come 

 back. They preferred the farmer's butter. 



Mr. Lyman. I can beat you on that. I have had cus- 

 tomers for fifty years. 



Mr. Gove. I use a teacupful of salt to a pail of water, 

 — a ten-quart pail. That washes the buttermilk clear from 

 the butter. The butter will rise and let the buttermilk oflf 

 freely. 



Mr. Gray, I would like to have Mr. Alvord talk about 

 that milking machine. 



Major Alvord. I am afraid it would l)e what might be 

 termed " previousness " to say too much about the milking 

 machine. Let me say that there is nothing that can ensure 

 cleaner milking and purity of dairy products than the milk- 

 ing machine which shall carry the milk in a closed receptacle, 

 without exposure to the air, especially in the case of large 



