No. 4.] CONCENTRATED FEED STUFFS. 307 



Conce:ntrated Feed Stuffs. 



BY J. r.. LIXDSKY, Pit. I)., DEPARTMENT OF FOODS AND FKEDIN(i, HATCH 

 EXPERIMENT STATION. 



The term "concentrated feed," taken in its broadest 

 sense, is meant to include the grains and other seeds of 

 agricultural plants, as well as their manifold by-products 

 left behind in the process of oil extraction and in the prep- 

 aration of human foods. 



All cattle feeds, either concentrated or coarse, are made 

 up of six groups of substances : Water, ash, cellulose or 

 fibre, fat, protein and non-nitrogenous extract matter. 



Water. — The several grains and by-products contain 

 when placed upon the market from 8 to 15 per cent of 

 water. 



Crude Ash represents the mineral ingredients of the seed. 

 It will remain behind as ashes should the seed be burned. 

 These ashes consist of lime, potash, soda, magnesia, iron, 

 phosphoric acid and sulphuric acid. 



Crude Cellulose or Fibre is the coarse or woody part of 

 the plant. It may be called the plant's framework. It is 

 present as a rule only to a limited extent in the grains and 

 by-products. 



Crude Fat includes not only the various fats and oils 

 found in different feed stuffs, Imt also waxes, resins and 

 coloring matters. It is sometimes termed ether-extract, 

 because it represents that portion of the plant soluble in 

 ether. Fat found in grains and seeds is comparatively free 

 from foreign substances (waxes, resins, etc.) 



Crude Protein is the jjeneral name for all of the nitroo:en- 

 ous matters of the seed. It corresponds to the lean meat 

 in the animal, and maybe termed "vegetable meat." It 

 has the same elementary composition as animal flesh, and 



