No. 4.] Cx\.TTLE COMMISSIONERS' REPORT. 563 



I'arity iu this State. On account of the tendency to early calcifi- 

 cation of the chessy masses, the bacilli are found with great difii- 

 culty, and iu all doubtful cases inoculation was resorted to as a 

 means of diagnosis. 



Experiments were tried to inoculate hens with tuberculous mate- 

 rial from both cattle and swine, but there was not the slightest 

 evidence of infection after many months. This is in accordance 

 with the observation of others, and is a strong argument in favor 

 of regarding the bacillus of avian tuberculosis as certainly a 

 variety, if not a distinct species, from that of the mammalian. 

 Its manner of growth in pure culture also confirms this view. Its 

 casual relation, therefore, to human tuberculosis, must still be 

 regarded as under judgment. 



Experiments iu the inoculation of calves with human tuberculous 

 sputa were carried out by Dr. Langdon Frothingham, who makes 

 a special report on this work. 



The conditions which are the most frequently confounded with 

 tuberculosis are those due to actinomycosis, cesophagostoma and 

 fatty infiltration of the liver. 



Actinomycosis (lump jaw), a new growth due to a polymorphous 

 bacillus, is usually situated on the ramus of the lower jaw, but 

 occasionally attacks other parts of the head and the lungs. The 

 tissue to the e3^e appears of the uniform pale-grayish color, usually 

 dotted with small holes, from which pus can be squeezed, contain- 

 ing small yellowish granules (masses of the bacilli, actiuom3'ces). 

 When abscesses are formed in the lung, the pus is very tenacious 

 and stringy, looking more like very thick mucus, and has in it the 

 same little bodies. 



CEsophagostoma Columbianitm, a small round worm, produces a 

 nodular disease of the intestine in sheep and cattle. The little 

 tumors, which may be mistaken for tubercles, are situated in the 

 wall of the intestine, sometimes projecting into the gut and at 

 other times more prominent on the outside. They are gritty, and 

 when cut open are found to contain a dr}'^, greenish material, which 

 at once distinguishes them from the products of the tubercle bacil- 

 lus, which are yellow, cheesy and calcified. 



Fatty Infiltration of the Liver. — Often a small area of the liver 

 stands out in striking contrast to the dark-brown color of the rest 

 of the organ, by its opaque color. This is due to a local infiltra- 

 tion of the liver cells with fat. From early tuberculosis it is dis- 

 tinguished by the sharp outline against the neighboring tissue and 

 by the absence of any evidence of inflammatory action, in the way 

 of increased redness, about it, or of any tendency to calcification. 



Experiments were carried on last year with Klebs' antiphthisin 



