No. 4.] FEEDING OF DAIRY COWS. 149 



portion is o1)tained by the horse beans taking nitrogen from 

 the atmosphere direct. We are making the bean i)lant an 

 asent for em'ichino; the land and feedins; our cows at the 

 same time. Now, we need something besides corn stalks 

 and beans. In our climate we find the cattle doing better 

 when they have rather more oil in their feed than we have 

 been able to give them in corn and beans. 



The experiments which have been conducted in Germany 

 have been most thorough, accurate and reliable ; but then 

 the Germans have not a climate like ours. Liviuo- in a cold 

 climate, our cow^s may need a greater quantity of oil or fat 

 in their feed ; and so I beo:au to crow sunflowers for cattle 

 feedina:. We have o-rown six and a half acres this last year. 

 Our cattle relish them keenly, and they give a delightful 

 flavor to the milk and butter. We have been able to obtain 

 729 pounds of fat to the acre in this crop, in a very cheap 

 form, because we can grow sunflowers at a cost of $20.09 an 

 acre for labor. Then on the chart I have put mixed hay. 

 1 need not speak of that ; and I have added roots, carrots 

 and mangels, because w^e can feed these two roots without 

 injuring the flavor of the milk. I put them at twenty tons 

 to the acre, although our actual crop was twenty-two tons of 

 one and twenty-three of the other. In this combination and 

 growing tJiis class of fodders, which have all three of these 

 nutrients — albuminoids, carbohydrates and fats — in the 

 proper proportion, we get the bulk that is needed. The cow 

 is an animal with a large stomach, and if you cause any cow 

 to become small of belly, she comes to have a small udder. 

 I find the two go together; and cattle that have an enor- 

 mously large belly will often have a very large milk gland, 

 therefore I want bulky feed. If I could get the same quan- 

 tity of nutrients in less bulk, I would prefer the larger bulk. 

 I want cow feed that is juicy. I do not Avant to have it dry 

 if I can help it. Juicy feed is best, and those feeds are best 

 which are kept juicy in the natural state. 



Question. Then you would prefer green apples to apple 

 pomace ? 



Professor Robertsox. No. Apple pomace is worth 

 more than green apples per one hundred pounds for feeding 

 cattle. I am speaking now of the efiect on the digestive 



