No. 4.] INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES. 197 



effectual fungicide for general use. Where large quantities 

 of the mixture arc needed, twenty-four pounds, forty pounds, 

 or any proportionate amount, may be prepared ; but each 

 must be kept separate, and where evaporation shall not be 

 very great. When needed for use the proper quantity of 

 each is taken, and, after thoroughly mixing, poured together. 



In cases where the Bordeaux mixture will disfigure the 

 fruit, the ammoniacal carbonate of coj)per should be used ; 

 but it is so quickly soluble and washed off by rains that more 

 frequent applications must be made, and injury to the foli- 

 age is more likely to result than from the use of the Bor- 

 deaux mixture. 



Formula. — Copper carbonate, three ounces; ammonia 

 enough to dissolve the copper; and water, forty gallons. 

 Dissolve the copper carbonate in ammonia, using only enough 

 to dissolve all the powder, then dilute to forty gallons before 

 using. ( The ammonia found at drug stores often varies so 

 much that the exact quantity cannot he given.) Larger quan- 

 tities of the copper carbonate may be dissolved at one time, 

 if desired, but it must be kept in glass-stoppered bottles. 



Insecticides. 



Of the many insecticides I shall confine myself to the two 

 most in general use, i. e., Paris green and kerosene emulsion. 

 We use Paris green for the destruction of chewing or leaf- 

 eating insects, because of its uniform quality, and that it is 

 not so likely to injure the foliage as is London purple. In 

 water alone it cannot be used with safety stronger than one 

 pound to two hundred gallons ; but if lime be added to the 

 water, or if the Paris green is combined with the Bordeaux 

 mixture, it may be used as concentrated as one pound to fifty 

 gallons. For sucking insects the herosene emulsion has 

 proved more satisfactory than any other preparation. 



Formula. — Dissolve one-half pound of any common bar 

 soap in one or two gallons of hot water ; while still hot add 

 two gallons of ordinary kerosene, and with a syringe or hand 

 pump stir the liquid until a paste or lardlike substance is 

 formed. When used, this may be diluted so as to produce 

 (a) fifteen and (5) twenty-five gallons of liquid. 



As most of the insects and injurious fungous growths 



