No. 4.] INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES. 201 



Paris green, one pound to one hundred gallons ; third, 

 as soon as the petals have fallen, spray again with same 

 mixture ; fourth, in from two to four weeks spray again 

 with mixture (5) without the Paris green. Should the 

 season be very moist and warm, a fifth spraying may be 

 needed during July. 



The spraying done just before the blossom buds open is 

 for the destruction of the canker worm, tent caterpillar, 

 codling moth and plum and apple curculio ; and, the 

 larger the amount of Paris green that can be made to 

 adhere to the leaves and blossom buds, the more certain the 

 destruction ; and if thoroughly done it is entirely efiectual. 

 The third spraying is principally for the codling moth, but 

 any canker worms or tent caterpillars that may remain will 

 be destroyed. 



On trees too large to be reached by the spray from an 

 ordinary pump like the elm, the canker worms may be 

 destroyed by using bands of tarred paper, fitted closely 

 around the tree, so that no insects can crawl under, covered 

 with soft gas tar or printers' ink. These bands should be 

 put on by the middle of October, and some seasons possibly 

 by October 1. At all times from this date to May 1 ichen 

 the ground is not frozen and the temperature of the nights is 

 above ireezing, this tar or ink must be kept moist and 

 sticky ; and if at any time the insects accumulate on the tar so 

 as to form a bridge over it, more must be added. Generally 

 three or four applications are all that will be needed to 

 prevent injury from this insect. No remedy is known for 

 the apple maggot except to destroy all affected fruit by feed- 

 ing, or making it into cider. If the fruit be picked while yet 

 hard, very few of the apples will be much injured by this 

 insect, as it does not lay its eggs in the fruit until it is 

 nearly mellow. 



The Pear. 



The codling moth ( Carpocapsa pomonella) and the pear 

 tree Psylla (^Psylla pyri) are the two insects most injurious 

 to the pear. The codling moth I have already described 

 under the apple. The pear tree Psylla is a minute insect, 

 so small as to be difficult to see. It takes several forms 

 during the season, sometimes being winged and sometimes 



