202 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. [Pub. Doc. 



with only rudimentary wings. It first appears in the axils 

 of the leaves, sucking the juice from the leaf stalk ; then 

 increasing, it spreads over the surface of the leaf and the 

 stem, often making little pools of juice or exudations, some- 

 times called honey-dew. This liquid is syrup-like, and 

 catches the particles of dust from the air, and a black 

 fungus develops rapidly in it, so that the trees are enveloped 

 with a dirty black covering. Another indication of the 

 presence of the pear tree Psylla is the large number of flies, 

 wasps, hornets and bees that surround the trees attacked. 

 The remedy for this insect is spraying with the kerosene 

 emulsion (a) : first, as soon as the leaves begin to unfold ; 

 second, from one week to ten days later ; and a third spray- 

 ing in two weeks if any of the insects remain alive. 



The fungi attacking the pear are the leaf blight (^Ento- 

 mosporium maculatum') and the fire blight (^Microcossus 

 am.ylovorus) . The leaf hlight first shows itself in small 

 reddish-brown spots on the leaf or fruit during hot, moist 

 weather, and if these spots increase in size and number the 

 leaves fall off or the fruit becomes cracked, as often seen 

 in the Flemish Beauty and other varieties. This fungus is 

 prevented from injuring our pear trees or fruit by spraying 

 with the Bordeaux mixture used as for the apple. 



The j^re blight is a disease which causes the twigs and some- 

 times laro-e branches or even the whole tree to turn dark 

 brown in a day or two. It also attacks the end twigs of the 

 quince. While the Bordeaux mixture will have no eflect 

 upon the growth of this disease after the germs have got into 

 the tree, we feel sure that if they come in contact with this 

 substance they will be prevented from growing. 



Peach, Plum and Cherry. 



The stone fruits we may group together, although they are 

 not all attacked l)y the same fungi. 



The most destructive insect attacking the plum, peach and 

 cherry is the plum curculio {Oonotrachelus nenuphar). 

 This insect is a small brown beetle, attacking all the stone 

 fruits, and laying its eggs in a crescent-shaped cut very 

 soon after the petals have fallen. It feeds on the leaves, and 

 the use of the Bordeaux mixture and Paris green has been 



