Xo. 4.] IXSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES. 205 



The fungi injurious to the grape are the black rot (Lees- 

 tadia BidweUii), the downy mildew (Peronospora viticolor) 

 and the powdery mildew ( Uncinula sjiii'dlis). 



The Uach rot attacks the fruit, causing it to turn brown 

 and then black, and if attacked early in the season the ber- 

 ries dry up and adhere to the stems, ])ut when appearing 

 later the berries turn brown and drop from the stems. 



Ti\Q powdery mildew attacks the leaves during close, moist 

 weather, in the latter part of summer, causing them to turn 

 yellow and often fall off. 



The downy mildew attacks the grape leaves in the same 

 way as the last, but generally earlier in the season, having 

 the same effect. Such varieties as the Delaware, Eogers 

 Hybrids and other tender sorts are especially liable to its 

 attack. 



A partial remedy for the rose hug and a complete one 

 for the above fungi is found in the Bordeaux mixture and 

 Paris green, one pound to one hundred gallons, application 

 to be made as follows : first, spray just before the buds burst 

 in spring ; second, spray just before the blossoms open ; 

 third, spray as soon as the petals have fallen, which is gen- 

 erally in from three to five days ; fourth, spray with the 

 Bordeaux mixture alone once in from two to four weeks 

 until the grapes are nearly grown. If very moist, warm 

 weather should continue, the ammoniacal carbonate of cop- 

 per should be used once or twice during August. 



The Currant axd Gooseberry. 



The currant borer (^geria tipuliformis), the cane girdler 

 Phylloecus fiaviventris) and the currant worm (JSTematus ven- 

 tricosns) are the most destructive insects attacking the cur- 

 rant and gooseberry. The fungi are the gooseberry rust or 

 mildew (Sphoerotheca inors-uvce) and the currant leaf spot 

 (Septoria ribis) . 



The currant borer is a small, wasp-like moth, that lays its 

 eggs in the J^'oung canes during the early summer. These 

 hatch, and the worm or larva bores into the cane, feeding on 

 the pith. AYhen it has matured it works near the outer 

 bark, and then, after undergoing its changes, comes out the 

 following spring to lay its eggs in other canes. 



