No. 4.] INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES. 207 



spot should appear on the leaves while the fruit is ripening, 

 an a})plication of the ammouiacal carbonate of copper should 

 be made. 



Raspberry and Blackberry. 



The insects attacking these fruits are the root borer 

 (^Egeria rubi), the cane borer (Oberea bimaculata) and the 

 snowy tree cricket ((Ecant/ius niveus). The fungi are 

 antliracnose (Gloeosporiiun Venetian) y the raspberry leaf 

 blight {Septoria rubi), the spring orange rust (^Coenia 

 niteus) and the fall orange rust (Chrijsomi/xa albida). 



The rasjjberri/ root borer lays its eggs in the young canes ; 

 these hatch, and the larvte then bore down through the cane 

 to the root. 



The cane borer lays its eggs in the new canes, and the 

 larvpe girdle them, causing the top to wilt. They then bore 

 into the cane and prevent full growth. 



The tree cricket is a beautiful light-green insect, with 

 lace-like wings. It lays its eggs in the canes in long rows, 

 splitting it for this purpose. The young are beneficial by 

 feeding upon plant lice, but the perfect insect sometimes 

 causes much damage in laying its eggs. 



The only remedy for these insects is destroying the in- 

 fested canes or roo'cs. 



The anthracnose attacks the stems and leaves of the rasp- 

 berry, its first appearance being small spots with reddish 

 borders. As these increase, the growth of stem is checked, 

 and the leaves, especially the lower ones, fall otf. 



The raspberry leaf blight comes on about the time the 

 fruit is ripening. At first small round spots are seen ; these 

 increase in size and number, and the leaves fall off, so that 

 by the first of Septeml^er we often have only a tuft of fresh 

 leaves at the top of the cane. 



The spring orange rust appears on the blackberry and 

 blackcap raspberry. At first the leaves appear stunted in 

 growth only, but soon there appears a mass of most beautiful 

 golden spores on the under surface. It is largely confined 

 to one or two varieties, and is most injurious on neglected 

 plantations. 



The autumn orange rust is of recent origin with us. In 

 color it is like the spring form, but does not grow in such 



