No. 4.] CATTLE CO^IMISSIONEES' EEPORT. 385 



per cent. ; Berlin, 12 per cent. ; Dresden, 14.4 i)er cent. ; 

 Bromberg, 26.2 per cent. ; Upper Silesia, 9.5 per cent. ; Mid- 

 lothian, 20 per cent. ; Yorkshire, Eng., 22.8 per cent. ; Dur- 

 ham, Eng., 18.7 per cent. ; London, 25 per cent. 



In England, during an outbreak of contagious pleuro- 

 pneumonia, extending over a period of sixteen months (1890- 

 91), there were slaughtered as being afl'ected, or having been 

 exposed, 12,000 animals, all of which, under the direction of 

 the department of agriculture, were subjected to a critical post- 

 moitem examination by skilled veterinary surgeons for the 

 purpose of ascertaining the prevalence of tuberculosis, from 

 which were derived the following results : cows, 1G.09 per 

 cent. ; bulls, 1.53 per cent. ; cattle over one year, 2.77 per 

 cent. ; cattle under one year, 1.2 per cent. Of the 12,000 

 examined, 12.2 per cent, were found tuberculous. In some 

 herds the rate was as high as 75 per cent., and only a few herds 

 were entirely free. Earl Spencer's herd of Jerseys, contain- 

 ing twenty odd animals, were tested by tuberculin, and all 

 reacted. Post-mortem examination of the entire herd con- 

 firmed the diagnosis. (Report P. H. Brice, M. S. (P.)*) 



At a recent conference of the sanitary association of Scot- 

 land, Professor Wright presented estimates that tuberculosis 

 in cows causes an annual loss to the owners of dairy stock in 

 Scotland of £440,000 sterling, or $2,200,000. (Veterinary 

 Journal, page 391, November, 1893.) 



Professor Jansen of Tokio Veterinary School, in his report 

 of the contagious diseases of the domestic animals in Japan, 

 says it has never been witnessed among domestic cattle, though 

 it prevails among those imported into the country, especially 

 in the Devons, Ayrshires, Americans and their crossings with 

 the indigenous breed. Accordinjy to the abattoir statistics, he 

 says fifty per cent, of the American cattle and their crossings 

 are tuberculous. (Flemming's Journal, page 45, January, 

 1894.) 



Any reliable estimate of the percentage of tuberculous ani- 

 mals in a iriven area can not be given, for reasons before men- 

 tioned ; but that it exists to an alarming extent none deny. 

 From our experience the percentage is varialjle in different 

 herds, bearing a direct ratio to the surroundings and con- 

 ditions under which such animals have been perpetuated and 



