66 THE ROSE. 



growth ensues. The shock from transplanting 

 must be met by a shortening of both shoots and 

 roots ; the shoots being shortened the number 

 of buds to draw upon the sap is reduced and a 

 more vigorous growth follows. Not only should 

 all bruised roots be pruned, cutting away to the 

 sound part, but also all those large ones that are 

 uninjured, for by this they are induced to put 

 forth small roots of fibrous nature, which are of 

 great assistance in promoting health and vigor 

 of plant. 



The cut made in pruning should be as nearly 

 horizontal as possible, so that there shall be but 

 a slight exposure of wounded surface ; it is gener- 

 ally preferable to cut from the inside, and to 

 see that the top bud which is left points out- 

 ward. If the plants bleed after the operation 

 the surface of the cut should be smeared over 

 with wax or other substance ; often a coating of 

 mud will answer. Roses are pruned both early in 

 the spring and in the autumn ; we prefer the 

 former season, but when done then, care must 

 be had not to put it off too late, for if not attend- 

 ed to early, the sap will have pushed toward the 

 upper buds, and when pruned there will be 



