European Forest Societies, Periodicals and Schools. 107 



Forest Societies : Periodical Literature. 



420. Forest societies of various kinds are organized in most coun- 

 tries. These generally meet quarterly or annually for the discussion 

 of subjects of professional interest, and their proceedings are usually 

 published. These annual meetings usually last several days, and 

 excursions are commonly made to places of interest. Besides these 

 associations, composed of proprietors and professional foresters, there 

 are various other associations, some for mutual relief of members, 

 and some for special objects, such as the maintenance of schools of 

 Forestry, the prosecution of experimental researches, the interests 

 concerned in the lumber and timber trade, etc. 



421. There are also a great number of periodicals, issued at reg- 

 ular intervals, and wholly or partly devoted to the interests of For- 

 estry. If we include quarterlies and annuals with those issued 

 monthly or oftener, the number would amount to nearly fifty. 

 Many of these are conducted with great ability, and afford substan- 

 tial aid to the interest to which they are devoted. 



Schools of Forestry. 



422. Nearly every government upon the continent in Europe 

 has established one or more Schools of Forestry, for preparing 

 young men for service as officers of the forest and administration. 

 None can enter this service until they have passed through the 

 studies and practical exercises at these schools. The course gener- 

 ally lasts two to three years, and the students must first finish their 

 studies in the public schools. They are taught mathematics, natural 

 sciences (especially botany and entomology), chemistry, meteorology, 

 physics, sylviculture, drawing, surveying, forest and hunting laws, 

 forest management, etc., and make regular excursions with the pro- 

 fessors, for observation and practice. 



423. The following are the principal schools of Forestry in 

 Europe. Those preceded by a star are connected with some univer- 

 sity or other institution : 



Austria: ^Vienna, Eulenburg, Weisswasser, Lemburg, Aggs- 

 bach, Bergenz, *Schernnitz, and *Gratz, and of lower grade in 

 other places. 



Denmark : ^Copenhagen. 



Finland; Evois. 



