182 Insects injurious to Hickories, Walnuts, Chestnuts, etc. 



enumerated, of which about 35 belong to the 1st class, 1 to the 2d, 

 33 to the 3d, 8 to the 7th, and the remainder to the 5th. The 1st 

 class includes the hickory-borers, twig-girdler, and bark-borers; the 

 2d the walking-stick ; the 3d various bark-lice, gall-lice, tree-hoppers, 

 phylloxeras, etc; and the 5th the tussock-moth, leaf-rollers, etc. 



717. The 1st class includes various hickory-borers, the most de- 

 structive of which is the Scolytus tetraspinosa, affecting the bitternut, 

 shell-bark, pig-nut, and probably the pecan. It mines under the 

 bark and into the wood of the trunk and branches. The Cyllene 

 picta, a borer found in this tree, is the same that proves so destruc- 

 tive to the locust, 



718. Insects injurious to the Black Walnut. About a dozen species 

 are found on this tree, the most destructive being the borer so in- 

 jurious to the locust and the hickory (Cyllene picta). 



719. Insects injurious to the Butternut. About 20 species feed upon 

 this tree, of which 2 are of the 1st class, 6 of the 3d, 1 of the 6th, 

 and the rest of the 5th. It is comparatively free from injuries, the 

 more important ones being bark-lice, hoppers, and scale insects, and 

 occasionally the larvae of moths upon the leaves. 



720. Insects injurious to the Chestnut. Of these, 20 are mentioned, 

 some being uncertain as to classification. They are chiefly borers, 

 that pierce the bark, the wood and the fruit, or leaf-hoppers and 

 phylloxeras, that feed upon the leaves. The white ant sometimes 

 consumes the interior of chestnut fence-posts, etc., as it also mines 

 in the elm, pine and other woods. 



721. Insects injurious to the Locust. Twenty-two insects are men- 

 tioned as infesting this tree, of which by far the most important is 

 the locust-borer (Cyttene picta), which has so effectually destroyed 

 the plantations begun with much success in the early history of tree- 

 planting in the prairie states. It is a beetle of velvet-black, with 

 transverse bands of yellow, and is often found feeding on the bios- 

 soms of the golden-rod. It lays its eggs in the crevices of the bark 

 near the roots, in September, and, after mining in the wood in the 

 larva state, it comes out a perfect insect in the month of June fol- 

 lowing. It appears to have migrated westward, being first noticed 

 about 1845 near Chicago, and, in 1863, at Rock Island. Two years 

 after it was in Iowa, and it is now common in most parts of that 

 state and westward. 



722. In densely planted groves in the eastern states, it chiefly at- 



