212 Classification of the Oaks. 



principally in the Atlantic States. They far excel the white oaks 

 in the tanning qualities of the bark. 



851. Michaux described twenty -eight species of the~ oak in his 

 " Sylva Americana," including three introduced European species ; 

 and used as the first basis of subdivision the character of the leaves. 

 In the first division, he placed the species with beardless leaves, and 

 in the second, those in which the lobes are terminated by a bristle. 

 The interval between blossoming and the ripening of the fruit was 

 admitted as a secondary character, which, in the first of his divis- 

 ions, is generally annual, and in the second biennial. 



852. The species that he described were as follows : 



FIRST DIVISION : Fructification annual ; leaves beardless. 

 First Section: Leaves lobed. 



1. White oak, Quercus alba. 3. Mossy-cup oak, Q. olivceformis , 



(Common European oak, Q. 4. Over-cup white oak, Q. ma- 

 robur. crocarpa. 



European white oak,* Q. 5. Post oak, Q. obtusitoba. 

 robur pedenculata. ft. Over-cup oak, Q. hjrata. 



Second Section: Leaves toothed. 



7. Swamp white oak, Q. prinus 10. Yellow oak, Q. prinus acu- 



discolor. miiiata. 



8. Chestnut white oak, Q. prinus 11. Small chestnut oak, Q. prinus 



palustris. chinquapin. 



9. Rock chestnut oak, Q. prinus 



monticola. 



SECOND DIVISION : Fructification biennial ; leaves mucronated. 1 

 First Section : Leaves obtuse or entire. 



12. Live oak, Q. virens. 1G. Upland willow oak, Q. cine- 



13. Cork oak, Q. suber. rea. 



14. Willow oak, Q. phellos. 17. Running oak, Q. pumila. 



15. Laurel oak, Q. imbricaria. 



1 Except in thirteenth species. 



