272 The Ashes. 



ida and Louisiana. A variety (microcarpa) , with remarkably small 

 fruit, is found in Alabama, and another variety (Texensis, perhaps 

 a distinct species), is found in Texas, near the Rio Grande. 



1085. BLACK ASH (Fraxinus sambucifolia) . This ash grows 

 chiefly in swamps, and is distinguished by the greater number of 

 its leaflets and the blunt appearance of its branches, as compared 

 with those of the preceding species. 



1086. This tree grows very commonly in the Eastern, Northern, 

 and North-western States. The wood is not so valuable as that of 

 the white ash, but is used for hoops, and the large knots upon the 

 trunk are turned into bowls. It should never be planted upon dry 

 land, but on the borders of swarnps and in humid soils. It may be 

 planted closely, for the thinnings have value from a small size, 

 being suitable for hoop-poles, poles, etc., up to sizes suitable for 

 fence-rails, rafters, and sills. 



1087. THE GREEN ASH (Fraxinus viridis) is a small or middle- 

 sized tree, having much the same range as the white ash, and found 

 well adapted to cultivation in the prairie region. 



1088. THE BLUE ASH (Fraxinus quadrangulata] is a large tim- 

 ber-tree found growing in dry woods in the Western States, from 

 Michigan to Tennessee. It derives its name from the bluish tinge 

 which its inner bark gives to water when macerated in it. 



1089. THE WATER ASH (Fraxinus platijcarpa) is a middle-sized 

 tree growing in swamps from Virginia to Louisiana. 



1090. THE RED ASH (Fraxinus pubcscens), a middle or large- 

 sized tree growing from Canada to Dakota, and south to Florida. 



1091. THE OREGON ASH (Fraxinus Oregona) is a low-spreading 

 tree, common along the Columbia river and the upper part of the 

 Sacramento Valley. It seldom grows more than a foot in diameter 

 by thirty to forty feet in height. 



1092. The following may be mentioned only by their botanical 

 names, as of less importance, viz.: 



Fraxinus anomala, a shrub or low tree in Southern Utah. 



F. cuspidata, a shrub five to eight feet high in New Mexico. 



F. dipelala, a small tree in Western California. 



F. Greggii, a shrub five to eight feet high found on limestone soil 

 in South-western Texas and the adjacent parts of Mexico. 



F. pistaticefolia, a small tree found in South-western Texas, and 

 westward to Arizona. 



