The Western Junipers. 309 



should be done in March. In preparing the ground for seed-beds, 

 it should be spaded to a foot or more in depth, and three or four 

 inches as the surface should be covered with a mixture of well 

 rotted leaf-mold (or wood soil) and sharp sand. 



1268. The beds should be shaded, as is common with ever- 

 greens, and should be watered occasionally in the evening in case 

 of drouth. They may be transplanted to nursery rows the second 

 spring, and three years after, the alternate rows should be taken out. 

 Screens of this evergreen are generally to be preferred to all others 

 for orchards and buildings i:i the Northwestern and Western States. 



1269. THE WESTERN JUNIPER (Jimiperus occidentalis) . This 

 species in Oregon grows to a tree sometimes three feet in diameter and 

 forty feet high, but is more commonly a much smaller tree, and 

 often bushy. It much resembles the red cedar, but it has larger 

 berries, more glandular and resinous leaves, a loose reddish bark, 

 and a white wood. It grows east of the Sierra Nevada and Cas- 

 cade Mountains in Oregon and Washington Territory, and varieties 

 often with exceutric layers of wood and scraggy growth occur in 

 Nevada, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico. In Western Texas it 

 forms an important timber-tree, but not so large cr useful as the 

 red cedar. 



1270. THE CALIFORNIA JUNIPER (Jimiperus CaUfornica) is a stout 

 shrub or small tree, rarely 30 feet high, found growing from San Fran- 

 cisco southward, chiefly along the Coast Range and the islands. A 

 variety of smaller size extends over the southern parts of Utah into 

 Arizona and Nevada, forming a small tree 20 feet high, that fur- 

 nishes fire-wood to some extent in these regions. 



1271. Another juniper (the J. pachyphlcea) occurs as a middle- 

 sized tree, with a spreading rounded top, thick and much cracked 

 bark, and pale reddish wood, is found in the interior of Arizona 

 and New Mexico. It is probable that some of the junipers now 

 regarded as Mexican species may be found across our border, but 

 they are of limited and altogether local importance. 



1272. THE SAVJN (J. Sabina) is a prostrate shrub found in high 

 northern latitudes, in both Europe and America, and occurs in the 

 northern border of the United States, and upon mountains from the 

 Atlantic coast to the great lakes, and in British Columbia on the Pa- 

 cific coast. It spreads in dense masses over the rocks and sand, 



