The Pines. 



325 



1321. This pine is known in British Columbia as the " Yellow 

 Pine," ' ' Reel Pine," and ' ' Pitch Pine," and in that Province it is found 

 only in the central dry region, between the Coast Ranges and Selkirk 

 and Gold Ranges, northward, from 49 to 51, and sparingly on the 

 east side of the Rocky Mountains. It is there sawn into lumber, 

 but is rather brittle, and not durable where exposed to the weather. 

 In that Province it does not generally exceed four feet in diameter, 

 and at 3,000 feet above tide, it is replaced by the Douglas fir and 

 twisted-branch pine. 



1322. THE TWISTED-BRANCH PINE (Pinus contorta). This tree is 

 found in the region of the Rocky Mountains, and in the Pacific 

 States, growing to a moderate 



sized tree, from 50 to 60 feet 

 in height, and a foot in diam- 

 eter at a yard from the ground. 

 It derives its name from the 

 curving downward and in- 

 ward of the dead branches in 

 the lower part, as the foliage 

 drops off. This peculiarity is 

 noticed to less extent in other 

 pines. The cones remain on 

 for several years, which gives 

 the tree a peculiar appear- 

 ance. In the Cascade Moun- 

 tains it forms large forests in 

 the lower valleys, and it 

 thrives best in rnoist valleys 

 and plains, although found 

 at 6,000 feet above tide. It much resembles the Pinus imps, or 

 spruce-pine of New Jersey and Maryland, but is more slender, and 

 grows to a larger size. It is sometimes locally known as the u Red 

 Pine." 



1323. The " Western Scrub-Pine," " Bull-Pine," or " Black-Pine," 

 as this is variously called in British America, extends from the coast 

 to the Rocky Mountains, forming a characteristic tree over the 

 northern part of the interior plateau, and densely covering large 

 areas. On the coast it grows small and gnarled, upon the dunes 

 and exposed rocky coast. In the interior it is found from 60 to 100 



158. Cone, Leaves, Scales, and Seed of the 

 Pinus contorta, of two-thirds the Natural 



