40 INTRODUCTION. 



ble of reproduction, this is the subgemmiparous generation or 

 the first indication of a production of buds. In a higher de- 

 gree of animals, generation is truly gemmiparous, a bud grows 

 on the external surface of the body, and afterwards drops off 

 to form a new being distinct from its parent, or it continues 

 to remain united, and forms a branch of it. This kind of ge- 

 neration belongs to the polypi.- The internal gemmiparous or 

 suboviparous generation is also to be met with in theirs. Its 

 organ consists in cavities prolonged in the mass of the bod}'', 

 and in the interior of which grow buds or ovula, which sepa- 

 rate spontaneously and issue by traversing a canal which 

 opens on the external surface. This mode of generation 

 is also that of the acalepha, echinodermata, and perhaps in the 

 cestoid intestinal worms. The acephala and some mollusca 

 gasteropoda differ only from them because they have a true 

 ovary. In all those beings, there are properly speaking no 

 sexual organs. 



24. In all beings of a higher organization, there are 

 genital organs for both sexes, the concurrence of which is ne- 

 cessary to animate the germ. The female organs consist in a 

 mass of germs or an ovary, and in a canal through which issue 

 the germs when detached; this is called the oviduct ; and in 

 several species, in a cavity in which they remain for a longer 

 or shorter time, into which they ingraft themselves, and in 

 which they acquire a certain growth before they are born, this 

 is the uterus, and the orifice through which they come into 

 the world, the vulva. The male organs are composed of glands 

 called the testicles, which secrete the sperm, a fecundating li- 

 quor, and when this is to be introduced into the body of the 

 female, the male is provided with a penis. In this kind of 

 organization the concurrence of the two sorts of organs is ne- 

 cessary to bring about generation. We find the first rudi- 

 ments of this organization in some intestinal worms; but these 

 animals being not provided with a circulation, their ovary and 

 testicles simply consist in free or floating secretory vessels. 

 The genital organs are also of two kinds in many of the mol- 

 lusca, in the annelides and other articulated animals, and in 

 the vertebrata. The ovaries and testicles are glandular masses 



