74 INTRODUCTION. 



ternal bone; the uterus is a simple oval cavity ; the mammae 

 two only in number, are seated in front of the chest. 



But as the remainder of this work is devoted to an exami- 

 nation of the human body, it would be superfluous to dwell 

 upon characters, which will be considered in their proper 

 places. * 



SECTION II. 



OF THE HUMAN BODY. 



65. Man, as is evident, partakes of the general characters 

 of bodies, of organized beings, of animals, of the vertebrata, 

 of the mammalia ; he has besides this, like all others, those 

 which are peculiar to him: it is the study of all these charac- 

 ters, either of the external and internal conformation, or of their 

 phenomena, that constitutes the object of Anthropology, or the 

 science of man. The immediate end of human anatomy, also 

 called anthropotomy, is a knowledge of the body, that is to 

 say, of all the parts that compose it, and of their mutual ar- 

 rangement. 



66. The anatomist may study the human body in two 

 different states; in the one most common, that proper to the 

 species, and alone compatible with health; or, on the contrary, 

 in its deviations from the natural order. In the first instance, 

 it is the anatomy of the healthy man, hygid anatomy, if we 

 may so express it; in the second, it is morbid anatomy. 



In the study of anatomy, we may consider the whole human 

 body, examine the general characters of all its organs, of all its 

 humours, &c. ; these are the general views of anatomy. We may, 

 by uniting the multiple organs, in genera, or in systems, accord- 

 ing to their analogies of texture, confine ourselves to generic 

 characters, abstracting all the specific differences of the organs; 

 and as for those, which without being mutiple, are extended 

 to all the body, we may only consider the general characters, 

 overlooking the local differences they present in the various 



* Vide Blumenbach "de varietate nativa generis humane Laurence, 

 "Lectures on Physiology, Zoology and the natural history of man. 



