chap, xxiv.] (ESOPHAGUS AND STOMACH. 



195 



through the mucosa, in order to open on the free sur- 

 face. In man, these glands are relatively scarce ; in 

 carnivorous animals (dog, cat) they form an almost 

 continuous layer (Fig. 113). 



263. Between the mucosa and submucosa are 

 longitudinal bundles of non-striped muscular tissue. 



Fig. 113. From a Longitudinal Section through the Mucous Membrane 

 of the (Esophagus of Dog. 



, The stratified pavement epithelium of the surface ; m, the muscularis mucosiB : 

 between the two Is the mucosa; g, the mucous glands ; d, ducts of same. 

 (Atlas.) 



At the beginning of the oesophagus they are absent, 

 but soon make their appearance at first as small 

 bundles separated from one another by masses of con- 

 nective tissue; but lower down, about the middle, 

 they form a continuous stratum of longitudinal 

 bundles. This is the muscularis mucosce. 



