AMERICAN MEN OF SCIENCE 



559 



vidual, but for the people as a whole. There 

 are, of course, no end of difficulties in the 

 control of monopolies or the conduct of re- 

 search by a municipality, state or nation; but 

 it is exactly these difficulties that it is our 

 business to overcome. We may congratulate 

 ourselves that our national government is at 

 present accomplishing more for research and 

 the applications of science than the govern- 

 ment of any other nation, and that the men 

 of science working under the government are 

 doing their full share for the advancement of 

 science. 



Table II. gives the cities in which five or 

 more of the thousand scientific men were born, 

 and the cities in which five or more of them 

 now reside. The tendency towards concentra- 

 tion which we know to exist is here measured. 

 Two hundred and twenty-seven of the scien- 

 tific men were born in places producing five 

 or more, and 782 of them live in places where 



there are five or more. This is, of course, 

 natural, and probably desirable; scientific 

 work is accomplished where men gather to- 

 gether. Still the fact that three fourths of 

 our scientific men live in 39 places with a 

 good many more in the suburbs leaves rather 

 a scanty number for the rest of the country. 

 We have, however, more separate scientific 

 centers than foreign countries, and by this 

 circumstance we both gain and lose. The 

 lack of men of distinction in whole regions 

 and large cities is a serious indictment of 

 our civilization. The existence of cities such 

 as Brooklyn and Buffalo is an intellectual 

 scandal. 



Of the 866 men native to the United States, 

 224 were born in the cities which in 1900 had 

 a population of more than 25,000. These 

 places had in 1860 a population of about 

 4,500,000 as compared with a rural population 

 of about 27,000,000. The urban population 



TABLE III. DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO PRESENT POSITION OF THE THOUSAND MEN OF SCIENCE 



Total. 



Princeton 



Minnesota, Ohio State 



New York University 



Missouri, Nebraska, Northwestern 



National Bureau of Standards, U. S. Navy, Am. Mus. Nat. History 



Carnegie Institution, Clark, Iowa, Syracuse, Virginia, Wesleyan 



Bryn Mawr, Cincinnati, Dartmouth, Illinois, Indiana, N. Y. Botanical Garden, Smith 



Brown, Kansas, North Carolina, Texas, Washington (St. Louis) 



Field Columbian Museum, General Electric Co., St. Louis, Western Reserve, Pennsylvania State, Rutgers 



Lehigh 



Philadelphia Acad. Nat. Sciences, Amherst, Case, College of City of New York, Colorado College, 



Colorado University, Haverford, Purdue, Rockefeller Institute, Simmons, Tufts, Vassar, 



Worcester. . 



Grand Total . 



459.5 

 14.5 



J 9 

 9\5 



9 

 8 

 7 

 6 

 5 

 4 

 3.5 



730 



