568 



AMERICAN MEN OF SCIENCE 



1907 



ATWATEB, WILBUR OLIN Chemistry 



CALDWELL, GEORGE CHAPMAN Chemistry 



CARROLL, JAMES pathology 



CLARK, GAYLORD PARSONS Physiology 



GARDINER, EDWARD GARDINER Zoology 



GATSCHET, ALBERT SAMUEL Anthropology 



HEILPRIN, ANGELO Geology 



NEWELL, WILLIAM WELLS Anthropology 



REES, JOHN KHOM Astronomy 



SAFFOHD, JAMES MEBBILL Geology 



1908 



ANTHONY, WILLIAM ARNOLD Physics 



ASHMEAD, WILLIAM HARRIS Zoology 



AUSTEN, PETER TOWNSEND Chemistry 



BROOKS, WILLIAM KEITH Zoology 



DAVENPORT, GEORGE EDWARD Botany 



GIBBS, OLIVER WOLCOTT Chemistry 



JOHNSON, SAMUEL WILLIAM Chemistry 

 KELLEBMAN, WILLIAM ASHBBOOK Botany 



LEE, LESLIE ALEXANDER Zoology 



MASCHKE, HEINHICH Mathematics 



MASON, OTIS TUFTON Anthropology 



SNOW, FRANCIS HUNTINGTON Zoology 



UNDERWOOD, LUCIEN MARCUS Botany 



WHITEHEAD, CABELL Chemistry 



YOUNG, CHARLES AUGUSTUS Astronomy 



1909 



DUDLEY, CHARLES BENJAMIN Chemistry 



HARRIS, WILLIAM TORRE Y Psychology 



HOUGH, GEORGE WASHINGTON Astronomy 



NEWCOMB, SIMON Astronomy 



STEARNS, ROBERT EDWARDS CARTER Zoology 



STBINGHAM, WASHINGTON IRVING Mathematics 



TUFTS, FRANK LEO Physics 



The death rates for the six past years have 

 been 6, 9, 9, 10, 15 and 7, on the average 9.3 

 per thousand. The rates for those under and 

 over fifty, respectively, were approximately 3 

 and 21. The number of cases is too small for 

 reliable data, but they show a youthful scien- 

 tific population. In Great Britain there are 

 annually elected into the Eoyal Society fif- 

 teen new fellows, and a membership of about 

 450 is maintained. The death rate is conse- 

 quently over 30. It has been claimed that 

 scientific men live longer than the average, 

 and they probably do, but this can not be 



proved from the age at which they die, unless 

 the age at which they become scientific men 

 is known. If, however, we assume that scien- 

 tific men live to the average age, we can from 

 the age at which they die determine the age at 

 which they become scientific men or reach a 

 given degree of eminence. 



In addition to those who died, there were 

 removed from the thousand nine foreign men 

 of science, who are no longer residents of the 

 United States, and one other man whose ad- 

 dress is unknown. There would thus be 68 

 vacancies on the list of 1910 to be filled by 

 new men. In the order of the list, there is a 

 probable error which increases from about 10 

 places at the top to about 100 places at the 

 bottom. Consequently if the same scientific 

 men were rearranged under the same condi- 

 tions, each of those in the last hundred would 

 be subject to a chance of one in four or more 

 of being dropped from the list. In a general 

 way 37 from the last hundred, 15 from the 

 next to last, or ninth hundred, five from the 

 eighth hundred and one from the seventh 

 hundred 58 in all might be expected to 

 drop from the thousand as a result of rear- 

 rangement. 



Apart from the 68 who died or were re- 

 moved and the 58 changes due to a chance 

 variation, there were 143 on the list of 1903 

 who failed to find a place on the list of 1910. 

 These are the scientific men who did not main- 

 tain their positions in competition with their 

 colleagues. There were 269 who attained a 

 place on the list of 1910 for the first time. It 

 seems best to remove from this group those 

 who would probably have been given a place 

 on the list of 1903, but were not considered at 

 the time. They number 31, of whom only one 

 is a foreigner who came to this country in 

 the period of seven years. 



There were 126 foreign-born men of science 

 on the list of 1903. While the majority came 

 to this country before attaining scientific 

 reputation, a large number were called from 

 Canada, Great Britain, Germany and other 

 countries to fill positions in our universities, 

 of whom seven were among our leading hun- 



