AMERICAN MEN OF SCIENCE 



571 



The cases are too few to give exact quanti- 

 tative data, but a comparison of the north At- 

 lantic and the north central states is signifi- 

 cant. The former have lost seriously in their 

 production of scientific men, while the latter 

 have gained in every case except Illinois. 

 Michigan rivals Massachusetts and surpasses 

 every other state. New York on the list of 

 1903 surpassed every north central state, 

 whereas the new men on the list of 1910 equal 

 or exceed those from New York in six of the 

 eight north central states. The big cities 

 New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Chi- 

 cago have lost ground. The birth rate per 

 million inhabitants on the basis of 1,000 sci- 

 entific men has fallen as follows: 



New York 71 to 33 



Philadelphia 49 to 23 



Baltimore 94 to 19 



Chicago 73 to 17 



These cities, in spite of their vast wealth and 

 great universities, and the fact that the am- 

 bitious and successful are drawn to them, are 

 failing to produce scientific men. For the 

 thousand of 1903, it was found that the urban 

 birth rate was 50 and the rural birth rate 24. 

 The 238 new men are too few to give reliable 

 figures, but it seems that the cities are failing 

 to produce scientific men, and presumably 

 other men of intellectual performance, to an 

 extent that is ominous. 



Nebraska, Kansas and the states west to the 

 Pacific have not improved, as the writer would 

 have anticipated from the students in psychol- 

 ogy who have worked with him. Probably the 

 gain in the north central states is now extend- 

 ing westward and will show later. The south- 

 ern states, though still lamentably deficient 

 in their productivity of scientific men, have 

 improved decidedly. They have produced 22 

 scientific men among the 238, as compared 

 before with 48 among the 1,000. 



Among the 238 men who have obtained a 

 place on the list, 23 were born abroad, as com- 

 pared with 126 among 1,000 on the list of 

 1903. The percentage from Canada and Ger- 

 many is the same and it is larger from Russia. 



In the case of other countries the numbers are 

 too small to be significant, except England, 

 from which country there were 25 in the list 

 of 1903 and not a single one among the new 

 men on the list of 1910. As has been already 

 noted, only one foreigner has been called to 

 this country of such scientific standing that 

 he would have clearly deserved a place on the 

 list of 1903. Nearly all the foreign-born sci- 

 entific men acquired their scientific reputation 

 after coming to this country. Fifteen of the 

 23 were wholly or partly educated in the 

 United States. 



A comparison of the first and eighth col- 

 umns in the table will show which states have 

 retained fewer men than they have produced 

 and which have drawn on other states. Thus 

 the three rural New England states have pro- 

 duced 10 men and have retained but two, 

 while Massachusetts has produced 24 and has 

 at present 40. New York has exactly as many 

 as it has produced, 31, though of course the 

 individuals are not all the same. The District 

 of Columbia must depend on other parts of the 

 country for its scientific men; the number it 

 has obtained, 23, is just the number born 

 abroad, so the balance is even among the 

 , states. Illinois has called men from other 

 states, Wisconsin and Missouri have main- 

 tained nearly an even balance, while the other 

 central states have lost their men Michigan 

 12 of 17, Ohio 10 of 19, Indiana 6 of 11 and 

 Iowa 7 of 8. It seems a pity that these 

 wealthy states can not retain the men they 

 produce or make an equal exchange with other 

 states. The western states have tended to add 

 to the number of men they have produced, 

 thus California has produced 4 and acquired 

 10 more. The southern states have lost their 

 men. Their increasing wealth has led to 

 greater productivity, but they have not yet 

 learned the importance of retaining and se- 

 curing scientific men. 



Reviewing the table with reference to those 

 who have obtained a place on the list or have 

 been dropped from it, we find that Massachu- 

 setts and Connecticut, which already had of 

 all the states the largest percentages of scien- 



