AMERICAN MEN OF SCIENCE 



575 



the number of native scientific men they are 

 gratifying. None the less there is an aspect 

 of the movement which is unpromising. It is 

 not desirable that we should become more 

 provincial than we are. 



The education is known of 200 of the 201 

 men who dropped from the list. About 25 

 per cent, of these fall out through the probable 

 error of arrangement, but in general they are 

 those who have failed to maintain their scien- 

 tific standing in competition with their col- 

 leagues. Twenty per cent, of those on the 

 list of 1903 were dropped from it; of those on 

 the list who hold the bachelor's degree 21 per 

 cent, were dropped, and of those who hold the 

 doctor's degree 17 per cent, were dropped. 

 Those holding the doctor's degree thus have a 

 small advantage; but this is only because the 

 younger men are more likely to have the doc- 

 tor's degree and at the same time more likely 

 to maintain their positions. 



Harvard had on the list of 1903, 106 of the 

 bachelors and 57 of the doctors. It has now 

 made a gain of trfree bachelors and 23 doctors. 

 Chicago has made a notable gain, having 

 added five of its bachelors and 27 of its doc- 

 tors to the list and having lost but one doctor. 

 Yale also has a good record, having increased 

 its bachelors by 10 and its doctors by 11. 

 The Johns Hopkins had 102 doctors on the 

 previous list, nearly twice as many as Harvard 

 and four times as many as Yale. It has lost 

 17 and added 22, and is thus still far in ad- 

 vance in the number of leading scientific men 

 for whom it has provided higher education. 

 Cornell has gained two bachelors and seven 

 doctors. Columbia has added four bachelors 

 and has lost twice as many; it has added 14 

 doctors and has lost eight; thus it has gained 

 but two men on the list. The state universi- 

 ties, especially Wisconsin, have good records. 

 Princeton, Amherst, Syracuse and Pennsyl- 

 vania have lost more men than they have 

 gained. The German universities have done 

 well, having added more men than they have 

 lost, in spite of the fact that the number of 

 students studying in Germany has so greatly 

 decreased. These figures are in part acci- 



dental, but they certainly throw a new light 

 on the standards and efficiency of our uni- 

 versities. 



TABLE IV. DISTRIBUTION OF THE MEN ADDED AC- 

 CORDING TO THEIB POSITIONS IN THE THOUSAND 

 AND IN RELATION TO THEIB AGES 



Table IV. shows the distribution of the 238 

 new men among the twelve sciences in rela- 

 tion to their positions in the thousand and 

 the relation of their ages to the positions. 

 The additions to each science are in the 

 neighborhood of 25 per cent, and the depar- 

 tures from this average are within the limits 

 of chance variation, but only 14 per cent, of 

 the astronomers and 16 per cent, of the geol- 

 ogists are new, while 37.5 per cent, of the 

 physiologists are new. Astronomy and geol- 

 ogy are the sciences which were the most for- 

 ward in the last generation, and this would 

 lead us to expect a smaller number of changes 

 apart from deaths. 



None of the new men attains a place in the 

 first hundred, seven reach the second hundred, 

 ten the third and fourteen the fourth. Those 

 who reach the highest positions are in the 

 mathematical and exact sciences; men of 

 exceptional ability advance more rapidly than 



